Hasil (
Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
The water is the most urgent matter on the earth for all locomotors. In regard to technological progress, humans in urban communities polluted the surface and groundwater sources. There aresome regulations and standards for preventing the pollution of rivers and underground resources (USEPA 1992; WHO 2004; AWWA 1990; APHA 2005; Corbitt 2004) ignored by discharge of the wastewater to them. Wastewater is the resul of human activities and industries, mixed with dilute types of discarding waters. As mentioned earlier, microorganisms contain dissolved and suspended minerals and organic materials which some percent of them are pathogenic. Due to the lack of operator as well as the urban wastewater networks in developed and developing countries, respectively, the treatment process is not done carefully which could lead to significant health risks.Wastewaters are one of the most important factors in water sources pollution. Therefore, it is highly required to collect and treat them through a healthy way to be returned to the natural water flow. The treatment process is performed using both natural (Okoh et al. 2007; Madukasi et al.2010; Speece 1983) and artificial methods (Choi and Park 2001). The activated sludge method is one of the most important processes in treatment which is performed in several forms (Zhang et al.2009). In this study, the deep and surface aeration was examined. Activated sludge has been studied in one of the cities of Massachusetts for the first time. Researches began in the field of biological treatment using activated sludge method in England in 1914.Brown (2004) confirmed the existence of antibiotics in dairy factories, hospital, and urban wastewaters. Kummerer and Helmers (1996) examined the role of hospital effluents as a source of metal in the environment and showed that there are different kinds of metals such as heavy metals in hospital wastewater effluents. Halters et al. (2010) used a wastewater treatment plant to remove aluminum from wastewater using precipitation, flocculation, and flotation. The result showed that that the amount of poly-electrolyte is a key factor for combined unit operation. Chan et al. (2008) introduced a new integrated waste management scheme for solids and water. They highlighted treatment by reverse osmosis (one of the few methods able to generally remove dissolved components), also showed that arsenic in oxidation state +6 can be readily removed for discharge (<50 × 10−12 As), although additional ion exchange is needed for potable water (<10 × 10−12 As).Design and construction of wastewater treatment plants is a new project in Iran, and there exists a little experience about it. The treatment plants which use activated sludge system in the form of long-term aeration method are very finite and only limited to some factories and residential complexes. In Iran and other countries around the world, the different methods of wastewater treatment are researched. But because treatment plants are not able to meet the predetermined goals, before and after treatment plant construction,without a guide and operator, thus, far no research has been done. This study aims to investigate the very important role of operator in the treatment plant which has paid less attention so far. In addition, two other categories are paid in this study seriously, are compensator and disinfection units. Although numerous experiments have been carried out on wastewater treatment (Oka et al. 2009; Köseoglu et al. ˘ 2009; Yuan et al.2008; Tavakoli and Yoshida 2008), less research has focused both at the same time, and in most cases, at the end of refinery output, disinfectants unit has been replaced by add chlorine to the wastewater.
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