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The ultrastructure of M. leprae is common in thegenus Mycobacterium. Electron microscopy has shownthat this bacillus has cytoplasm, plasma membrane,cell wall, and capsule. The cytoplasm contains commonstructures in gram-positive microorganisms. Theplasma membrane has a permeable lipid bilayer containinginteraction proteins, which are the protein surfaceantigens. The cell wall attached to the plasmamembrane is composed of peptidoglycans bound tobranched chain polysaccharides, consisting of arabinogalactans,which support mycolic acids, and lipoarabinomannan(LAM), similarly to other mycobacteria.The capsule, the outermost structure, has lipids,especially phthiocerol dimycocerosate and phenolicglycolipid (PGL-1), which has a trisaccharide boundto lipids by a molecule of phenol. This trisaccharide isantigenically specific for M. leprae.
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