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The Standard of Giving -- By: Stephen Mizell
[Print as PDF]

Journal: Faith and Mission
Volume: FM 18:3 (Summer 2001)
Article: The Standard of Giving
Author: Stephen Mizell

The Standard of Giving

Stephen Mizell

Bachelor of Arts in Biblical Studies Student
Southeastern College at Wake Forest
Wake Forest, North Carolina 27587
Introduction

Stewardship is one of the most difficult subjects to preach from the pulpit. The Bible says in 1 Tim. 6:10, “The love of money is a root of all kinds of evil, for which some have strayed from the faith in their greediness, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.” The next time a preacher speaks on stewardship, watch some of the faces of the people in the pews, and you will most likely notice a tightening of the jaw and stiffening of the neck. The average church member in the United States does not enjoy being told what to do with his or her hard-earned dollar. However, the purpose of this essay is not to rebuke the average church member; there is a much larger battle at hand.

A pastor who had been serving at a particular church for about five years was concerned about the financial growth of the church. The membership of the church was the highest it had ever been in its history—nearly doubling since he had arrived—and the worship services were exciting and filled with the presence of God. So, why had the church budget only increased by a meager 2 percent, stifling the ministerial needs of a growing church? Upon investigation, the pastor discovered that most of his church did not tithe. After prayer and much thought, he decided that he would preach from the famous Mal. 3:8–10 passage, hopeful that he would be able to convince the people that the tithe is the Lord’s. Sunday morning came and there he was, preaching his heart to the people. As he preached, he noticed that some people left right in the middle of the service: rich and not so rich, it did not matter. That afternoon, the pastor received a call from the deacon body, asking him to come in a little early before the evening service for a meeting. As the poor pastor sat there, the board proceeded to accuse him of overstepping his authority and preaching that which was not biblical. The pastor showed them the passage in Malachi concerning the tithe, but to his horror, one of the deacons stood up and said, “We are not under the Law; we are under grace. Show me in the New Testament where we are supposed to tithe.” The pastor sat there in shock, realizing that he could not answer that question.

FM 18:3 (Summer 2001) p. 21

This argument not only happens in the local church, but also in the Christian academic world. As a new generation steps in to fill the pulpits of America, tithing is becoming a thing of the past. The new “revelation” for the church is what is called “grace giving.” This type of giving frees Christians from the obligation of the tithe, which is seen as something that has passed away with the Law, and gives them the freedom that Paul spoke about, in Romans and 1 and 2 Corinthians, to do “what God tells them to do” with their money. However, God has given Christians a standard in His Holy Word, and it is ridiculous to believe that He has left the finances of the church to the experiences and emotions of fallible men. “The tithe is the Lord’s.” This essay will defend the standard of the tithe biblically and historically as it applies to the New Testament Christian.
The Old Testament
Tithing from Creation to Abraham

“‘Tithe’ (Heb. ma’aser) refers primarily to the presentation of a tenth of one’s goods to YHWH as a tribute of thanks for His blessing.”1 The practice of giving a tenth of one’s goods for divine use predates the Mosaic Law by at least six hundred years with the record of Abraham’s tithe to Melchizedek. However, there is strong evidence to suggest that tithing predates even Abraham. The first recorded offering in the Bible is found in Genesis 4. Both Cain and Abel offered up sacrifices to God, yet only Abel’s offering was accepted. Why was this? Some have suggested that it was because Cain’s offering was not a blood sacrifice. However, offerings of the produce of the land were permissible in certain instances.2 A reading of the Septuagint translation of Gen. 4:6–7 provides some light on the problem: “And the Lord God said to Cain, Wherefore didst thou become vexed, and wherefore did thy countenance fail? If thou didst rightly offer, but didst not rightly divide, didst thou not sin? Hold thy peace” (emphasis added).

Quite possibly, the writer of the Book of Hebrews had this translation before him when he wrote, “By faith, Abel offered to God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain.” The early Christian writers, using this translation, connected the rejection of Cain’s offering with tithing.3

Now, in order for Abel to have faith, there must have been a previous command. Tithing was known well before the time of Abraham. Some examples include the Babylonians, who offered up tithes to their gods, and the Arabian tribes, who would not even begin to conduct business with other peoples without separating a tithe from the increase of their herds and crops. Some have suggested that because pagans gave tithes to their gods, tithing is therefore a

FM 18:3 (Summer 2001) p. 22

pagan practice. Such a statement should not even be made because one could argue that worshipping God and praying are pagan practices since ancient pagan cultures practiced them also. So, where did the practice of tithing originate? An evangelical Christian must accept that the tithe originated with God, due to its importance in the Old Testament. Costen Harrell stated it best in his book Stewardship and the Tithe:

Whatever superficial answer may be offered by others, we are led to the conviction that the tithe is more than a spiritual intuition: it is a divine revelation. Paul reminded the people of Lyconia that among all the nations of the earth, God “left not himself without witness” (Acts 14:17). His spirit, brooding over the whole of humanity, has whispered in the heart of man, though a pagan he might be, many elemental truths.4

Therefore, the tithe is not some concoction created in the mind of man; it is a command from a holy God who reminds His people that He is the One who gives and the One who takes away. The universe belongs to Him; believers are just the stewards of His wealth. The tithe is something we give back to God that already belonged to Him in the first place.
The Tithe of Abraham

Why do some Christians not tithe? One of the most common excuses is that tithing is legalistic. “What is often overlooked, however, is the fact that tithing came into the biblical picture long before the Law was given through Moses.”5 Abraham was a man who practiced tithing. The story, found in Gen. 14:18–20, states that Abraham (Abram) gave Melchizedek a tithe of all his substance. One might pose the question: Why would Abram give a complete stranger a tithe of all his substance? Obviously, Abraham had to know about Melchizedek and who he was. Tithing was considered a holy practice, which leads to the conclusion that Abraham understood whom Melchizedek represented: He was “a priest of the Most High God.” Some may object, stating that Abraham never practiced tithing; his gift to Melchizedek was a voluntary one and not something systematic since the Bible does not record any other instance of Abraham practicing a tithe. However, the argument from silence is always a weak one. Abraham lived to be 175 years old, and Scripture does not record every single aspect of his life. The argument could also be made that Abraham practiced tithing his whole life and his encounter with Melchizedek confirms that. One may answer the objection that Abraham gave voluntarily to Melchizedek as follows: Yes, Abraham did give a voluntary tithe, but that does not negate the standard of the tithe. Why did Abraham not give Melchizedek a fifth, one half, or a twelfth? Abraham knew that setting aside a tenth of his spoils was considered a holy act. Six hundred years

FM 18:3 (Summer 2001) p. 23

later, God finally set the standard in writing, even though it had been practiced long before Israel became a people.

The only other passage that mentions Abraham’s encounter with Melchizedek is found in Heb. 7:1–10. Many supporters of “grace giving” deny this passage the authority and importance it deserves. They say that this passage cannot be used to support the concept of a New Testament tithe since it refers primarily to the High Priesthood of Christ. However, a closer look at the passage will in fact show the importance of Abraham’s tithe. The writer of Hebrews takes a third of this chapter to address the tithe that Abraham gave to Melchizedek, showing the reader that even Levi, being in Abraham’s loins, gave tithes to Melchizedek, thus proving the superiority of the priesthood of Melchizedek over the priesthood of Levi. Christ is then shown to be a priest of the order of Melchizedek, since he was not of the natural line of Levitical priests; therefore, Melchizedek is shown to be a type of Christ in the Old Testament. If this is so, of whom was Abraham a picture? Later in the book, the writer of Hebrews, as did the Apostle Paul, showed Abraham to be a man of faith who was justified before God.6 That being the case, could not Abraham be a picture of the New Testament Christian, as Jesus, Paul, and others confirm? Abraham would therefore be a picture of a Christian giving a tithe to Melchizedek, who is a picture of Christ. J. E. Dillard breaks down this concept even more finely in his book on stewardship:

Abraham gave a tenth to Melchisedec before Levi was born, so Melchisedec is superior to the Levites. Christ is a priest after the order of Melchisedec. So, Christ is superior to the Levites. Now, we ask this question: If the Jews paid tithes to the Levites; and if Abraham gave a tenth to Melchisedec who was gr
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Standar memberikan--oleh: Stephen Mizell[Mencetak sebagai PDF]Journal: Iman dan misiVolume: FM 18:3 (musim panas 2001)Pasal: Standar memberikanPengarang: Stephen MizellStandar memberikanStephen MizellBachelor of Arts dalam Alkitab studi mahasiswaSoutheastern College di Wake ForestWake Forest, North Carolina 27587PendahuluanPelayanan adalah salah satu mata pelajaran yang paling sulit untuk berkhotbah dari mimbar. Alkitab mengatakan dalam 1 Timotius 6:10, "cinta uang adalah akar segala kejahatan, yang beberapa telah menyimpang dari iman di greediness mereka, dan menusuk diri mereka sendiri melalui dengan banyak penderitaan." Pada saat seorang pengkhotbah berbicara pada pelayanan, menonton beberapa wajah-wajah orang-orang di bangku-bangku, dan Anda kemungkinan besar akan melihat pengetatan rahang dan kaku leher. Rata-rata anggota gereja di Amerika Serikat tidak menikmati diberitahu apa yang harus dilakukan dengan nya susah payah dolar. Namun, tujuan dari esai ini adalah bukan untuk menghukum anggota Gereja rata-rata; ada pertempuran besar banyak di tangan.Seorang pendeta yang melayani di gereja tertentu selama sekitar lima tahun adalah prihatin tentang pertumbuhan keuangan gereja. Keanggotaan Gereja adalah yang tertinggi itu pernah dalam sejarah — hampir dua kali lipat sejak ia tiba — dan kebaktian yang menarik dan penuh dengan kehadiran Allah. Jadi, mengapa memiliki anggaran gereja hanya meningkat 2 persen sedikit, mencekik kebutuhan Menteri pertumbuhan gereja? Setelah penyelidikan, pendeta menemukan bahwa sebagian besar gereja-Nya tidak melakukan persepuluhan. Setelah doa dan banyak pemikiran, ia memutuskan bahwa ia akan memberitakan dari Maleakhi 3:8-10 bagian terkenal, berharap bahwa ia dapat meyakinkan umat Israel bahwa perpuluhan adalah Tuhan. Minggu pagi datang dan ada dia, berkhotbah hatinya kepada orang-orang. Saat ia berkhotbah, ia melihat bahwa beberapa orang kiri kanan di tengah Layanan: kaya dan tidak begitu kaya, itu tidak masalah. Sore itu, pendeta menerima panggilan dari tubuh diakon, meminta dia untuk datang sedikit lebih awal sebelum kebaktian malam untuk pertemuan. Saat pastor miskin duduk, Dewan melanjutkan menuduhnya melampaui kekuasaan dan berkhotbah bahwa itu yang tidak alkitabiah. Pendeta menunjukkan mereka bagian dalam Maleakhi tentang persepuluhan, namun dengan ngeri, salah satu dari para diakon berdiri dan berkata, "kami tidak di bawah hukum; Kami adalah di bawah kasih karunia. Tunjukkan di dalam perjanjian baru yang mana kita seharusnya untuk persepuluhan. " Pendeta duduk di shock, menyadari bahwa ia tidak bisa menjawab pertanyaan itu.FM 18:3 (musim panas 2001) halaman 21Argumen ini tidak hanya terjadi di gereja lokal, tetapi juga di dunia akademik Kristen. Sebagai generasi baru langkah-langkah mengisi mimbar Amerika, persepuluhan menjadi hal yang lalu. Baru "Wahyu" untuk jemaat adalah apa yang disebut "memberi rahmat." Jenis ini memberi membebaskan orang Kristen dari kewajiban persepuluhan, yang dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang telah berlalu dengan hukum, dan memberi mereka kebebasan yang Paul berbicara tentang, di dalam Roma dan Korintus 1 dan 2, untuk melakukan "apa Allah memberitahu mereka untuk melakukan" dengan uang mereka. Namun, Tuhan telah memberikan orang Kristen standar dalam FirmanNya yang Kudus, dan itu tidak masuk akal untuk percaya bahwa ia telah meninggalkan keuangan gereja untuk pengalaman dan perasaan orang-orang yang keliru. "Perpuluhan adalah Tuhan." Esai ini akan mempertahankan standar persepuluhan alkitabiah dan historis yang berlaku untuk Kristen perjanjian baru.Perjanjian lamaPersepuluhan dari penciptaan kepada Abraham"'Persepuluhan' (Ibrani ma'aser) merujuk terutama untuk presentasi dari sepersepuluh dari satu barang untuk YHWH sebagai suatu penghargaan yang terima kasih untuk berkat-nya."1 praktek pemberian sepersepuluh dari satu barang untuk penggunaan ilahi mendahului hukum Musa oleh sekurang-kurangnya enam ratus tahun dengan catatan Abraham persepuluhan kepada Melkisedek. Namun, ada bukti kuat yang menunjukkan bahwa persepuluhan mendahului bahkan Abraham. Persembahan pertama yang tercatat dalam Alkitab terdapat dalam Kejadian 4. Kain dan Abel mempersembahkan korban kepada Tuhan, namun persembahan Abel hanya diterima. Mengapa hal ini? Beberapa telah menyarankan bahwa itu karena persembahan kain tidak korban darah. Namun, persembahan hasil tanah itu dibolehkan tertentu instances.2 membaca terjemahan Septuagint bagi Kejadian 4:6-7 menyediakan beberapa lampu pada masalah: "dan Tuhan berkata kepada kain, sebab itu engkau engkau menjadi jengkel, dan sebab itu hadapanmu gagal? Jika engkau telah benar menawarkan, tetapi engkau tidak membagi, engkau engkau tidak dosa? Kuduslah damai"(penekanan ditambahkan).Sangat mungkin, penulis kitab Ibrani telah terjemahan ini sebelum dia ketika dia menulis, "Oleh iman, Abel mempersembahkan kepada Jahweh sebagai korban yang lebih baik daripada kain." Penulis awal Kristian, menggunakan terjemahan ini, terhubung penolakan persembahan kain dengan tithing.3Sekarang, dalam rangka untuk Abel memiliki iman, pasti ada perintah sebelumnya. Persepuluhan dikenal baik sebelum zaman Abraham. Beberapa contoh termasuk orang Babilon, yang ditawarkan persepuluhan kepada dewa mereka, dan suku-suku Arab, yang akan tidak bahkan mulai melakukan bisnis dengan orang lain tanpa memisahkan persepuluhan dari peningkatan tanaman dan ternak mereka. Beberapa telah menyarankan bahwa karena pagan memberikan persepuluhan kepada dewa-dewa mereka, persepuluhan adalah karena ituFM 18:3 (musim panas 2001) ms. 22amalan pagan. Pernyataan seperti tidak bahkan boleh dilakukan karena satu dapat membantah bahwa menyembah Tuhan dan berdoa yang praktik orang pagan karena budaya pagan kuno menerapkannya juga. Jadi, mana melakukan praktek pemberian persepuluhan berasal? Penginjil Kristen harus menerima bahwa persepuluhan berasal dengan Allah, karena kepentingannya di dalam Perjanjian lama. Costen Harrell menyatakan itu yang terbaik dalam bukunya pelayanan dan persepuluhan:Apapun jawaban yang dangkal akan ditawarkan oleh orang lain, kita dituntun untuk keyakinan bahwa persepuluhan adalah lebih dari intuisi spiritual: ini adalah Wahyu Ilahi. Paul mengingatkan masyarakat Lyconia bahwa di antara semua bangsa di bumi, Allah "meninggalkan tidak sendiri tanpa saksi" (Acts 14:17). Roh-Nya, murung seluruh umat manusia, telah berbisik di hati manusia, meskipun seorang kafir dia mungkin, truths.4 elemen yang banyakOleh karena itu, perpuluhan bukanlah beberapa ramuan yang dibuat dalam pikiran manusia; ini adalah perintah dari Allah yang kudus yang mengingatkan orang bahwa ia adalah orang yang memberikan dan orang yang mengambil. Alam semesta yang milik Nya; orang percaya yang hanya pelayan dari kekayaannya. Perpuluhan adalah sesuatu yang kita memberi kembali kepada Tuhan yang sudah dimilikinya di tempat pertama.Persembahan persepuluhan dari AbrahamMengapa Apakah beberapa orang Kristen tidak persepuluhan? Salah satu alasan yang paling umum adalah bahawa persepuluhan ialah legalistik. "Apa sering diabaikan, namun, adalah kenyataan bahwa persepuluhan datang ke gambaran Alkitab panjang sebelum hukum Taurat diberikan melalui Moses".5 Abraham adalah seorang pria yang dipraktekkan persepuluhan. Cerita, ditemukan dalam Kej 14:18-20, menyatakan bahwa Abraham (Abram) memberikan Melkisedek persepuluhan dari semua harta miliknya. Satu mungkin mengajukan pertanyaan: Mengapa akan Abram memberikan orang asing persepuluhan dari semua harta miliknya? Jelas, Abraham harus tahu tentang Melkisedek dan siapa dia. Persepuluhan dianggap praktek Suci, yang mengarah pada kesimpulan bahwa Abraham memahami siapa Melkisedek diwakili: dia adalah "imam Allah yang Mahatinggi." Beberapa mungkin obyek, menyatakan bahwa Abraham pernah dipraktekkan persepuluhan; hadiah kepada Melkisedek adalah satu sukarela dan bukan sesuatu yang sistematis karena Alkitab tidak mencatatkan contoh lainnya Abraham berlatih persepuluhan. Namun, perdebatan dari kesunyian adalah selalu lemah. Abraham hidup sampai usia 175 tahun, dan Alkitab tidak mencatatkan tiap-tiap aspek hidupnya. Argumen juga dapat dibuat bahwa Abraham dipraktekkan persepuluhan seluruh hidupnya dan pertemuannya dengan Melkisedek menegaskan bahwa. Satu mungkin menjawab keberatan bahwa Abraham memberikan secara sukarela kepada Melkisedek sebagai berikut: Ya, Abraham memberikan persepuluhan sukarela, tetapi itu tidak meniadakan standar persepuluhan. Kenapa Abraham tidak memberikan Melkisedek yang kelima, setengah, atau kedua belas? Abraham tahu bahwa menyisihkan sepersepuluh rampasan nya dianggap tindakan yang Kudus. Enam ratus tahunFM 18:3 (musim panas 2001) halaman 23kemudian, Tuhan akhirnya menetapkan standar dalam menulis, bahkan meskipun itu telah dipraktekkan jauh sebelum Israel menjadi bangsa.Hanya lain bagian yang menyebutkan Abraham perjumpaan dengan Melkisedek ditemukan dalam Ibrani 7:1-10. Banyak pendukung "memberi rahmat" menyangkal bagian ini otoritas dan pentingnya yang layak. Mereka mengatakan bahwa ayat ini tidak dapat digunakan untuk mendukung konsep perjanjian baru persepuluhan karena ia merujuk terutama kepada imam Kristus. Namun, melihat lebih dekat pada bagian bahkan akan menunjukkan pentingnya Abraham persepuluhan. Penulis Ibrani mengambil sepertiga dari bab ini untuk mengatasi persepuluhan yang Abraham kepada Melkisedek, menampilkan pembaca bahwa bahkan Lewi, menjadi keturunan Abraham, memberi persepuluhan kepada Melkisedek, sehingga membuktikan superioritas keimamatan Melkisedek lebih dari keimamatan Lewi. Kristus kemudian ditunjukkan untuk menjadi seorang imam dari susunan Melkisedek, karena ia tidak garis alami imam Lewi; oleh karena itu, Melkisedek adalah terbukti merupakan jenis Kristus di dalam Perjanjian lama. Jika memang demikian, diantaranya adalah Abraham gambar? Kemudian dalam buku ini, penulis Ibrani, seperti Paul Rasul, menunjukkan Abraham menjadi orang iman yang dibenarkan sebelum God.6 bahwa menjadi kasus, Abraham tidak bisa gambar Kristen perjanjian baru, sebagai Yesus, Paul, dan lain-lain mengkonfirmasi? Abraham karenanya akan gambar seorang Kristen yang memberi persepuluhan kepada Melkisedek, yang adalah gambaran dari Kristus. J. E. Dillard rusak konsep ini bahkan lebih halus dalam bukunya tentang pelayanan:Abraham memberikan sepersepuluh kepada Melkisedek sebelum Lewi lahir, sehingga Melkisedek lebih unggul untuk orang-orang Lewi. Kristus adalah seorang imam, menurut peraturan Melkisedek. Jadi, Kristus unggul untuk orang-orang Lewi. Sekarang, kami bertanya pertanyaan ini: jika orang Yahudi membayar persepuluhan kepada orang-orang Lewi; dan jika Abraham memberikan sepersepuluh kepada Melkisedek yang gr
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The Standard of Giving -- By: Stephen Mizell
[Print as PDF]

Journal: Faith and Mission
Volume: FM 18:3 (Summer 2001)
Article: The Standard of Giving
Author: Stephen Mizell

The Standard of Giving

Stephen Mizell

Bachelor of Arts in Biblical Studies Student
Southeastern College at Wake Forest
Wake Forest, North Carolina 27587
Introduction

Stewardship is one of the most difficult subjects to preach from the pulpit. The Bible says in 1 Tim. 6:10, “The love of money is a root of all kinds of evil, for which some have strayed from the faith in their greediness, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.” The next time a preacher speaks on stewardship, watch some of the faces of the people in the pews, and you will most likely notice a tightening of the jaw and stiffening of the neck. The average church member in the United States does not enjoy being told what to do with his or her hard-earned dollar. However, the purpose of this essay is not to rebuke the average church member; there is a much larger battle at hand.

A pastor who had been serving at a particular church for about five years was concerned about the financial growth of the church. The membership of the church was the highest it had ever been in its history—nearly doubling since he had arrived—and the worship services were exciting and filled with the presence of God. So, why had the church budget only increased by a meager 2 percent, stifling the ministerial needs of a growing church? Upon investigation, the pastor discovered that most of his church did not tithe. After prayer and much thought, he decided that he would preach from the famous Mal. 3:8–10 passage, hopeful that he would be able to convince the people that the tithe is the Lord’s. Sunday morning came and there he was, preaching his heart to the people. As he preached, he noticed that some people left right in the middle of the service: rich and not so rich, it did not matter. That afternoon, the pastor received a call from the deacon body, asking him to come in a little early before the evening service for a meeting. As the poor pastor sat there, the board proceeded to accuse him of overstepping his authority and preaching that which was not biblical. The pastor showed them the passage in Malachi concerning the tithe, but to his horror, one of the deacons stood up and said, “We are not under the Law; we are under grace. Show me in the New Testament where we are supposed to tithe.” The pastor sat there in shock, realizing that he could not answer that question.

FM 18:3 (Summer 2001) p. 21

This argument not only happens in the local church, but also in the Christian academic world. As a new generation steps in to fill the pulpits of America, tithing is becoming a thing of the past. The new “revelation” for the church is what is called “grace giving.” This type of giving frees Christians from the obligation of the tithe, which is seen as something that has passed away with the Law, and gives them the freedom that Paul spoke about, in Romans and 1 and 2 Corinthians, to do “what God tells them to do” with their money. However, God has given Christians a standard in His Holy Word, and it is ridiculous to believe that He has left the finances of the church to the experiences and emotions of fallible men. “The tithe is the Lord’s.” This essay will defend the standard of the tithe biblically and historically as it applies to the New Testament Christian.
The Old Testament
Tithing from Creation to Abraham

“‘Tithe’ (Heb. ma’aser) refers primarily to the presentation of a tenth of one’s goods to YHWH as a tribute of thanks for His blessing.”1 The practice of giving a tenth of one’s goods for divine use predates the Mosaic Law by at least six hundred years with the record of Abraham’s tithe to Melchizedek. However, there is strong evidence to suggest that tithing predates even Abraham. The first recorded offering in the Bible is found in Genesis 4. Both Cain and Abel offered up sacrifices to God, yet only Abel’s offering was accepted. Why was this? Some have suggested that it was because Cain’s offering was not a blood sacrifice. However, offerings of the produce of the land were permissible in certain instances.2 A reading of the Septuagint translation of Gen. 4:6–7 provides some light on the problem: “And the Lord God said to Cain, Wherefore didst thou become vexed, and wherefore did thy countenance fail? If thou didst rightly offer, but didst not rightly divide, didst thou not sin? Hold thy peace” (emphasis added).

Quite possibly, the writer of the Book of Hebrews had this translation before him when he wrote, “By faith, Abel offered to God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain.” The early Christian writers, using this translation, connected the rejection of Cain’s offering with tithing.3

Now, in order for Abel to have faith, there must have been a previous command. Tithing was known well before the time of Abraham. Some examples include the Babylonians, who offered up tithes to their gods, and the Arabian tribes, who would not even begin to conduct business with other peoples without separating a tithe from the increase of their herds and crops. Some have suggested that because pagans gave tithes to their gods, tithing is therefore a

FM 18:3 (Summer 2001) p. 22

pagan practice. Such a statement should not even be made because one could argue that worshipping God and praying are pagan practices since ancient pagan cultures practiced them also. So, where did the practice of tithing originate? An evangelical Christian must accept that the tithe originated with God, due to its importance in the Old Testament. Costen Harrell stated it best in his book Stewardship and the Tithe:

Whatever superficial answer may be offered by others, we are led to the conviction that the tithe is more than a spiritual intuition: it is a divine revelation. Paul reminded the people of Lyconia that among all the nations of the earth, God “left not himself without witness” (Acts 14:17). His spirit, brooding over the whole of humanity, has whispered in the heart of man, though a pagan he might be, many elemental truths.4

Therefore, the tithe is not some concoction created in the mind of man; it is a command from a holy God who reminds His people that He is the One who gives and the One who takes away. The universe belongs to Him; believers are just the stewards of His wealth. The tithe is something we give back to God that already belonged to Him in the first place.
The Tithe of Abraham

Why do some Christians not tithe? One of the most common excuses is that tithing is legalistic. “What is often overlooked, however, is the fact that tithing came into the biblical picture long before the Law was given through Moses.”5 Abraham was a man who practiced tithing. The story, found in Gen. 14:18–20, states that Abraham (Abram) gave Melchizedek a tithe of all his substance. One might pose the question: Why would Abram give a complete stranger a tithe of all his substance? Obviously, Abraham had to know about Melchizedek and who he was. Tithing was considered a holy practice, which leads to the conclusion that Abraham understood whom Melchizedek represented: He was “a priest of the Most High God.” Some may object, stating that Abraham never practiced tithing; his gift to Melchizedek was a voluntary one and not something systematic since the Bible does not record any other instance of Abraham practicing a tithe. However, the argument from silence is always a weak one. Abraham lived to be 175 years old, and Scripture does not record every single aspect of his life. The argument could also be made that Abraham practiced tithing his whole life and his encounter with Melchizedek confirms that. One may answer the objection that Abraham gave voluntarily to Melchizedek as follows: Yes, Abraham did give a voluntary tithe, but that does not negate the standard of the tithe. Why did Abraham not give Melchizedek a fifth, one half, or a twelfth? Abraham knew that setting aside a tenth of his spoils was considered a holy act. Six hundred years

FM 18:3 (Summer 2001) p. 23

later, God finally set the standard in writing, even though it had been practiced long before Israel became a people.

The only other passage that mentions Abraham’s encounter with Melchizedek is found in Heb. 7:1–10. Many supporters of “grace giving” deny this passage the authority and importance it deserves. They say that this passage cannot be used to support the concept of a New Testament tithe since it refers primarily to the High Priesthood of Christ. However, a closer look at the passage will in fact show the importance of Abraham’s tithe. The writer of Hebrews takes a third of this chapter to address the tithe that Abraham gave to Melchizedek, showing the reader that even Levi, being in Abraham’s loins, gave tithes to Melchizedek, thus proving the superiority of the priesthood of Melchizedek over the priesthood of Levi. Christ is then shown to be a priest of the order of Melchizedek, since he was not of the natural line of Levitical priests; therefore, Melchizedek is shown to be a type of Christ in the Old Testament. If this is so, of whom was Abraham a picture? Later in the book, the writer of Hebrews, as did the Apostle Paul, showed Abraham to be a man of faith who was justified before God.6 That being the case, could not Abraham be a picture of the New Testament Christian, as Jesus, Paul, and others confirm? Abraham would therefore be a picture of a Christian giving a tithe to Melchizedek, who is a picture of Christ. J. E. Dillard breaks down this concept even more finely in his book on stewardship:

Abraham gave a tenth to Melchisedec before Levi was born, so Melchisedec is superior to the Levites. Christ is a priest after the order of Melchisedec. So, Christ is superior to the Levites. Now, we ask this question: If the Jews paid tithes to the Levites; and if Abraham gave a tenth to Melchisedec who was gr
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