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Science benefited from its widening divorce from philosophy duringthe Hellenistic period. Indeed, historians have called this era the GoldenAge of ancient science. Various factors contributed to this flourishing ofthought and discovery: the expeditions of Alexander had encouraged curiosityand increased knowledge about the extent and differing features of theworld, royal patronage provided scientists with financial support, and thegathering together of scientists in Alexandria promoted a fertile exchange ofideas that could not otherwise take place because travel and communicationwere so difficult. The greatest advances came in geometry and mathematics.Euclid, who taught at Alexandria around 300 B.c., made revolutionaryprogress in the analysis of two- and three-dimensional space. The fame andutility of Euclidean geometry endures to this day. Archimedes of Syracuse(287-212 B.c.) was an arithmetical polymath, who calculated the approximatevalue of pi and devised a way to manipulate very large numbers. He
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