can and do engage in transactions that unrelated partieswould not. Suc terjemahan - can and do engage in transactions that unrelated partieswould not. Suc Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

can and do engage in transactions t

can and do engage in transactions that unrelated parties
would not. Such transactions are respected, so
long as they have economic substance, and the arm’slength
principle merely requires that related parties
reach the same prices that unrelated parties would
have reached in such transactions.
The existing guidance on recognition of actual
transactions undertaken has two prongs under which
it may be appropriate to disregard the actual transaction
undertaken.51 The first circumstance occurs when
the substance of the transaction differs from its form.
The second circumstance arises when the form and
substance of the transaction are the same, but the arrangements
are different from those which would
have been adopted by unrelated parties behaving in a
commercially rational manner ‘‘and the actual structure
practically impedes the tax administration from
determining an appropriate transfer price.’’52 There
has been an ongoing debate within Working Party No.
6 at the OECD about what the language of the second
part of the test in paragraph 1.65 means and when an
‘‘appropriate transfer price’’ can be determined. One
school of thought is that any transaction can be
priced, and thus that this part of the test is simply
poorly drafted and has no effect. Another view is that
unrelated parties simply would not engage in certain
transactions (such as a transfer of their ‘‘crown jewel’’
intangibles) and that when related parties engage in
such transactions and there is an absence of good
comparables to price the transfer, tax administrations
ought to be able to simply disregard the transfer.
While that view may have emotional appeal, it is hard
to see what transaction would be priced if the transaction
actually engaged in is disregarded and what the
consequences would be when only one jurisdiction involved
in the transaction thinks it ought to be disregarded.
The work on clarifying application of transfer pricing
methods, particularly profit splits, in the context
of the global value chain appears to be an area where
further work will be forthcoming; no significant new
guidance is provided in the Revised Discussion Draft.
The Action Plan also includes a proposal to protect
against certain common base eroding payments, and
now specifically references management fees and
head office expenses as an example of such payments.
This is an interesting development, as the work on
this issue was originally expected to go in the opposite
direction — to make it easier to recognize the legitimacy
of expenses for centralized management or
other head office expenses. These expenses are frequently
the subject of Competent Authority disputes,
because some countries will not recognize expenses
for centralized services provided to all group members,
or will not do so on the basis of an allocation
based on a reasonable allocation key, but instead insist
upon a separate charge for each separate provision
of a service. That is simply not practical for a multinational
of any size; the administrative cost of tracking,
billing, and accounting for payment for every
single transaction in a centralized services arrangement
would be all out of proportion to the benefit of
doing so. The U.S. services regulations take a much
more reasonable approach to this type of situation and
allow for shared services arrangements where costs
for covered services may be allocated among the participants
in the arrangement based on their respective
shares of their reasonably anticipated benefits.53 A
reasonable allocation key (such as an allocation based
on headcount for human resources services) may be
used to divide up the costs of such services. Doing so
eliminates unnecessary administrative burdens while
still providing for a reasonably close approximation of
arm’s-length pricing for the centralized services being
provided to group members. The reason why the
OECD has now reversed direction and considers payments
for the expenses of centralized services to be
‘‘base eroding’’ payments is not obvious; perhaps this
reflects the influence of the non-OECD member G20
countries involved in the project, who have traditionally
been skeptical of such payments.
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can and do engage in transactions that unrelated partieswould not. Such transactions are respected, solong as they have economic substance, and the arm’slengthprinciple merely requires that related partiesreach the same prices that unrelated parties wouldhave reached in such transactions.The existing guidance on recognition of actualtransactions undertaken has two prongs under whichit may be appropriate to disregard the actual transactionundertaken.51 The first circumstance occurs whenthe substance of the transaction differs from its form.The second circumstance arises when the form andsubstance of the transaction are the same, but the arrangementsare different from those which wouldhave been adopted by unrelated parties behaving in acommercially rational manner ‘‘and the actual structurepractically impedes the tax administration fromdetermining an appropriate transfer price.’’52 Therehas been an ongoing debate within Working Party No.6 at the OECD about what the language of the secondpart of the test in paragraph 1.65 means and when an‘‘appropriate transfer price’’ can be determined. Oneschool of thought is that any transaction can bepriced, and thus that this part of the test is simplypoorly drafted and has no effect. Another view is thatunrelated parties simply would not engage in certaintransactions (such as a transfer of their ‘‘crown jewel’’intangibles) and that when related parties engage insuch transactions and there is an absence of goodcomparables to price the transfer, tax administrationsought to be able to simply disregard the transfer.While that view may have emotional appeal, it is hardto see what transaction would be priced if the transactionactually engaged in is disregarded and what theconsequences would be when only one jurisdiction involvedin the transaction thinks it ought to be disregarded.The work on clarifying application of transfer pricingmethods, particularly profit splits, in the contextof the global value chain appears to be an area wherefurther work will be forthcoming; no significant newguidance is provided in the Revised Discussion Draft.The Action Plan also includes a proposal to protectagainst certain common base eroding payments, andnow specifically references management fees andhead office expenses as an example of such payments.This is an interesting development, as the work onthis issue was originally expected to go in the oppositedirection — to make it easier to recognize the legitimacyof expenses for centralized management orother head office expenses. These expenses are frequentlythe subject of Competent Authority disputes,because some countries will not recognize expensesfor centralized services provided to all group members,or will not do so on the basis of an allocationbased on a reasonable allocation key, but instead insistupon a separate charge for each separate provisionof a service. That is simply not practical for a multinationalof any size; the administrative cost of tracking,billing, and accounting for payment for everysingle transaction in a centralized services arrangementwould be all out of proportion to the benefit ofdoing so. The U.S. services regulations take a muchmore reasonable approach to this type of situation andallow for shared services arrangements where costsfor covered services may be allocated among the participantsin the arrangement based on their respectiveshares of their reasonably anticipated benefits.53 Areasonable allocation key (such as an allocation basedon headcount for human resources services) may beused to divide up the costs of such services. Doing soeliminates unnecessary administrative burdens whilestill providing for a reasonably close approximation ofarm’s-length pricing for the centralized services beingprovided to group members. The reason why theOECD has now reversed direction and considers paymentsfor the expenses of centralized services to be‘‘base eroding’’ payments is not obvious; perhaps thisreflects the influence of the non-OECD member G20countries involved in the project, who have traditionallybeen skeptical of such payments.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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dapat dan jangan terlibat dalam transaksi yang tidak berhubungan pihak
tidak. Transaksi tersebut dihormati, sehingga
selama mereka memiliki substansi ekonomi, dan arm'slength
prinsip hanya mengharuskan pihak terkait
mencapai harga yang sama yang pihak ketiga akan
mencapai transaksi tersebut.
Pedoman yang ada pada pengakuan yang sebenarnya
transaksi yang dilakukan memiliki dua cabang di mana
hal itu mungkin tepat untuk mengabaikan transaksi yang sebenarnya
undertaken.51 Keadaan pertama terjadi ketika
substansi transaksi berbeda dari bentuk.
Keadaan kedua muncul ketika bentuk dan
substansi transaksi adalah sama, tetapi pengaturan
yang berbeda dari orang-orang yang akan
telah diadopsi oleh pihak yang tidak terkait berperilaku dalam
cara yang rasional komersial '' dan struktur yang sebenarnya
praktis menghambat administrasi pajak dari
penentuan harga pengalihan yang sesuai. '' 52 Ada
telah menjadi perdebatan dalam Partai Kerja No.
6 di OECD tentang apa bahasa kedua
bagian dari tes pada ayat 1,65 sarana dan ketika
'' Transfer sesuai harga '' dapat ditentukan. Salah satu
sekolah pemikiran adalah bahwa setiap transaksi dapat
harga, dan dengan demikian bahwa ini bagian dari tes ini adalah hanya
buruk dirancang dan tidak memiliki efek. Pandangan lain adalah bahwa
pihak ketiga hanya tidak akan terlibat dalam beberapa
transaksi (seperti transfer '' mahkota permata 'mereka'
berwujud) dan bahwa ketika pihak yang terkait terlibat dalam
transaksi tersebut dan ada tidak adanya baik
comparables untuk harga transfer, administrasi pajak
harus mampu untuk hanya mengabaikan transfer.
Sementara pandangan yang mungkin memiliki daya tarik emosional, sulit
untuk melihat apa transaksi akan harga jika transaksi
benar-benar terlibat dalam diabaikan dan apa
konsekuensi akan ketika hanya satu yurisdiksi yang terlibat
dalam . transaksi berpikir itu harus diabaikan
The bekerja pada klarifikasi penerapan transfer pricing
metode, khususnya perpecahan keuntungan, dalam konteks
rantai nilai global tampaknya menjadi daerah di mana
pekerjaan lebih lanjut akan datang; ada baru yang signifikan
bimbingan disediakan dalam Draft Diskusi Revisi.
Rencana Aksi juga termasuk proposal untuk melindungi
terhadap pembayaran dasar umum mengikis tertentu, dan
sekarang khusus referensi biaya manajemen dan
biaya kantor pusat sebagai contoh pembayaran tersebut.
Ini merupakan perkembangan yang menarik , sebagai bekerja pada
masalah ini awalnya diharapkan untuk pergi dalam berlawanan
arah - untuk membuatnya lebih mudah untuk mengenali legitimasi
biaya untuk manajemen terpusat atau
beban kantor kepala lainnya. Biaya ini sering
subyek sengketa Otoritas Kompeten,
karena beberapa negara tidak akan mengakui biaya
untuk layanan terpusat yang diberikan kepada semua anggota kelompok,
atau tidak akan melakukannya atas dasar alokasi
berdasarkan kunci alokasi yang wajar, tetapi bersikeras
di atas biaya terpisah untuk setiap penyediaan terpisah
dari layanan. Itu hanya tidak praktis untuk multinasional
dari berbagai ukuran; biaya administrasi pelacakan,
penagihan, dan akuntansi untuk pembayaran untuk setiap
transaksi dalam susunan layanan terpusat
akan semua keluar dari proporsi untuk kepentingan
melakukannya. Peraturan jasa AS mengambil banyak
pendekatan yang lebih masuk akal untuk jenis situasi dan
memungkinkan untuk berbagi layanan pengaturan di mana biaya
untuk layanan tertutup dapat dialokasikan di antara para peserta
dari pengaturan tersebut berdasarkan masing-masing
saham mereka cukup diantisipasi benefits.53 A
alokasi yang wajar kunci (seperti alokasi berdasarkan
pada jumlah pegawai untuk layanan sumber daya manusia) dapat
digunakan untuk membagi biaya layanan tersebut. Melakukan hal
menghilangkan beban administrasi yang tidak perlu sementara
masih menyediakan untuk pendekatan cukup dekat dari
ketentuan pasar yang wajar-panjang harga untuk layanan terpusat yang
diberikan kepada anggota kelompok. Alasan mengapa
OECD kini telah berbalik arah dan menganggap pembayaran
untuk biaya pelayanan terpusat menjadi
'' dasar mengikis '' pembayaran tidak jelas; mungkin ini
mencerminkan pengaruh anggota G20-OECD non
negara yang terlibat dalam proyek tersebut, yang secara tradisional
telah skeptis pembayaran tersebut.
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