frequency interference (RFI), as we

frequency interference (RFI), as well as to provide efficient target detection and characterization.
By the end of that decade, high-performance computing was available to
implement real-time, onboard processing.
14.1.1 Organization and Key Points
This chapter organization follows the history and development of UWB FOPEN radar
with a technical progression of the following sections:
Section 14.2 – FOPEN history: early development of foliage-penetrating moving and
fixed target detection systems, along with lessons learned
Section 14.3 – FOPEN SAR collection systems: experimental FOPEN SAR systems
during the 1990s that established the feasibility and advanced subsystem capabilities to
further FOPEN development
Section 14.4 – FOPEN clutter characterization: experimental data providing the impact
of clutter backscatter, foliage loss, and external radio frequency interference effects on
FOPEN SAR design
Section 14.5 – Image formation: summary of waveform and signal processing to form
UWB SAR images with very fine resolution
Section 14.6 – Radio frequency interference: characteristics of the radio frequency
spectrum and limitations in using that spectrum, which directly affect the ability to
develop and operate airborne UWB systems
Section 14.7 – Target detection and characterization: critical developments in signal and
image processing that provide the feasibility of semi-automated detection and characterization
of manmade targets under dense foliage.
14.1.2 Acronyms
Commonly used acronyms used in this chapter include (in alphabetical order):
ADC – analog to digital converter
BPA – back projection algorithm
CARABAS – coherent all radio band system (by Swedish research institute FOA)
CNR – clutter-to-noise ratio
CPI – coherent processing interval
DARPA – Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DEM – digital elevation model
DTED – digital terrain elevation data
ERIM – Environmental Research Institute of Michigan
FCC – Federal Communications Commission
FEBA – forward edge of battle area
FFT – fast Fourier transform
FOLPEN – foliage-penetrating radar system (by SRI)
FOPEN – foliage-penetrating
GeoSAR – geographic synthetic aperture radar system (by Jet Propulsion Laboratory)

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gangguan frekuensi (RFI), serta untuk memberikan deteksi target yang efisien dan karakterisasi.
Pada akhir dekade itu, komputasi kinerja tinggi yang tersedia untuk
melaksanakan real-time, onboard, pengolahan.
14.1.1 Organisasi dan Kunci
Organisasi Bab ini berikut sejarah dan perkembangan UWB fopen radar
dengan perkembangan teknis dari bagian berikut:
Bagian 14,2 - fopen sejarah: perkembangan awal dedaunan-menembus bergerak dan
deteksi target tetap sistem, bersama dengan pelajaran
Bagian 14.3 - sistem pengumpulan fopen SAR: eksperimental fopen sistem SAR
selama tahun 1990-an yang didirikan kelayakan dan kemampuan subsistem canggih untuk
pengembangan lebih lanjut fopen
Bagian 14,4 - fopen kekacauan karakterisasi: data eksperimen memberikan dampak
kekacauan backscatter, kehilangan dedaunan, dan efek interferensi frekuensi radio eksternal pada
fopen SAR desain
Bagian 14,5 - Gambar Pembentukan: ringkasan gelombang dan pemrosesan sinyal untuk membentuk
gambar UWB SAR dengan resolusi yang sangat halus
Bagian 14,6 - interferensi frekuensi radio: karakteristik frekuensi radio
spektrum dan keterbatasan dalam menggunakan spektrum itu, yang secara langsung mempengaruhi kemampuan untuk
mengembangkan dan mengoperasikan sistem udara UWB
Bagian 14,7 - deteksi target dan karakterisasi: perkembangan penting dalam sinyal dan
pengolahan gambar yang memberikan kelayakan deteksi semi-otomatis dan karakterisasi
. target buatan manusia di bawah dedaunan lebat
14.1.2 Akronim
Umumnya akronim yang digunakan digunakan dalam bab ini termasuk (dalam urutan abjad):
ADC - analog ke digital
BPA - algoritma proyeksi kembali
Carabas - koheren semua sistem Band radio (oleh lembaga riset Swedia FOA)
CNR - kekacauan-to-noise ratio
CPI - Interval pengolahan koheren
DARPA - Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DEM - Model elevasi digital
DTED - digital elevasi terrain data yang
Erim - Lingkungan Research Institute of Michigan
FCC - Komisi Komunikasi Federal
FEBA - sisi depan wilayah pertempuran
FFT - fast fourier transform
FOLPEN - sistem radar daun-penetrasi (oleh SRI)
fopen - dedaunan-menembus
sintetis geografis - GeoSAR Sistem radar aperture (oleh Jet Propulsion Laboratory)