In the field, root tissues may be e

In the field, root tissues may be exposed to sunlight due to the penetration of solar irradiation into the upper layers of the soil (Mandoli et al. 1990). Whereas the shoots bend toward the direction of incoming blue (and white) light to optimize leaf photosynthesis, roots grow away from these light stimuli and hence avoid the stressful environment of
the upper soil layers. Thus, negative root phototropism, documented for seedlings of mustard (S. alba) and some other plant species, became a focus of research that was summarized in the textbooks of Sachs (1882), Pfeffer (1904), Strasburger et al. (1911) and others.

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Di bidang, Jaringan akar mungkin terpapar sinar matahari karena penetrasi penyinaran matahari ke lapisan atas tanah (Mandoli et al., 1990). Sedangkan tunas membungkuk menuju arah masuk (putih dan biru) cahaya untuk mengoptimalkan fotosintesis daun, akar tumbuh dari rangsangan cahaya ini dan karenanya menghindari lingkungan streslapisan tanah atas. Dengan demikian, phototropism negatif akar, didokumentasikan untuk bibit mustard (S. alba) dan beberapa spesies tanaman lainnya, menjadi fokus penelitian yang terangkum dalam buku pelajaran Sachs (1882), Pfeffer (1904), Strasburger et al. (1911) dan lain-lain.