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11 January 2015Dhy Rachmaa Pengantar Perpustakaan Digital, Semester 2 Leave a commentIs free information good or not good?Economic justification for libraries has been hard to achieveDigital libraries are going to need a new model for funding. Among the possibilities are:Institutional support, as most of them now haveCharging users for unusual services, perhaps including assistanceCharging users for everythingFinding support from advertisersFinding some other mechanism for supportA university should ideally spend about 4% of its budget on its library, 1/3 should go to buy books.Economic problems interact with main issues of library collections and quality.Will we find students using cheaper but less accurate information?Cf. Informasi yang BAL.If there is no economic incentive to provide quality material, we may find bad material driving out good.Economics is emphatically not a solved problem.Sesi Enam: Collection Development in Digital Libraries11 January 2015Dhy Rachmaa Pengantar Perpustakaan Digital, Semester 2 Leave a comment60% of the budget should go to electronic or digital collections (database, e-Journals, e-Books)independently used digital forms (pictures, maps, songs, specialized programs like Cataloging & Classification)users being involved in the process of acquisition (policies, e-mail: sending suggestions or advices available online)Collection Development: the conventional routinesSelection of various formatsCollection policiesWeeding, Preservation and conservation, subscriptionBudget planning, users needs (potential or actual), user-librarian interaction, research and evaluation on collection development, collaboration, shared resources.Preservation and Conservation the differencePRESERVATION IS AN ACTION OF KEEPING FROM DAMAGE.CONSERVATION IS AN ACT OF PROTECTING FROM LOSS.Issues not existent in the conventional eraContent: born digitalAccessActualityCatalogingContinuity : perpetual accessUsefulnessTechnical performance and additional features: simultaneous searching on several journalsBudget structure: cost benefit analysisMaintenance cost: updatingSocial and technological concerns: interoperabilityDigital PreservationSimple – Complicated Sophisticated (copying – transforming)Institutional repositoryAccessible and yet well preservedFitness for useISO 9001:2008 – AIMS – SGS – Critical and Non-critical findings – Major ( pre-assessment to main/final assessment) – Certification.– case IUE LibraryInvolving users in terms of empowering. Collections seems crucial. Criticism coming from users at large is to be taken into consideration for betterment in services.5 (main) Entities in Digital Preservation Activities (as part of preservation of the metadata):Intellectual EntityObjectsEventsRightsAgentsSesi Lima: Reasons for Digitization11 January 2015Dhy Rachmaa Pengantar Perpustakaan Digital, Semester 2 Leave a comment
A world encyclopedia in which all human knowledge would be available everywhere.
A scholar able to consult any book by tapping its code on a keyboard.
A society in which every child can stretch a hand across a keyboard and reach every book ever written, every painting ever painted, every symphony ever composed.
Reasons and Benefits
Reasons
Users satisfaction
Cost effectiveness
Simpler and quicker program
Easier operational procedures online access bibliographical data online literature searching personal computer
Benefits
Productivity
Efficiency
Flexible and interactive
Value added, competence added
Cost-effectiveness of Library Services
Nothing should be done by a professional that can be done by a technician.
Nothing should be done by a technician that can be done by a clerk.
Nothing should be done by a human being that can be done by a machine.
Digital information takes less space than paper information and thus may help libraries reduce costs. But more important , they can provide a level of service never before attainable – delivery of information to the user’s desk, search capability by individual words and sentences, and information that does not decay with time, whether words, sounds, or images.
In 1964, Arthur Samuel predicted that by 1984 paper libraries would disappear, except at museums. Now it is 2013. Why hasn’t this happened? The primary reason is that we cannot easily find much more than 14 Billions or so to fund the mechanical conversion of more than 150 million books to electronic form, plus the additional and probably larger sum to compensate the copyright owners for most of the books.
Reasons for delaying digital libraries include the very real preferences of the many people who like books as they are (who even like card catalog).
Will digital libraries help educate the world, entertain it, or both?
What are the social effects likely to be when digital libraries are widely used by scholars and researchers, by students and teachers, and by the general public?
Sesi Empat: DIGITAL ERA
11 January 2015
Dhy Rachmaa Pengantar Perpustakaan Digital, Semester 2 Leave a comment
Online prostitution
More or less 57% users of Internet are teens
Case: Rahma Safitri, one of the Internet victims (hypnotized through facebook)
Virtual criminalization (e.g. got lost in Batam for 5 days)
Misuse of facebook (e.g. student expelled from school) because of humiliating her teacher)
Before and After DIGITAL
BEFORE
MULTI-ENTRY SERVICE (separated acquisition, processing, circulation transaction, reference services)
ON SITE – WORKING HOURS
LOCALLY PRINTED
KEEPING COLLECTION
SERVICES LIMITED TO ACCESS OF INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE
“WEBLESS” INDIVIDUAL/GROUP SERVICES
USERS AS MERELY USERS
USERS EDUCATION (LS&L only)
AFTER
ONE-STOP SERVICE (multi-functional librarians serving multi-tasking)
ON-LINE -24 HOURS
MULTI-FORMAT
VALUE-ADDING
VARIED-DYNAMIC: ALL CYCLES
WEB-BASED SERVICES (both individual and group as members)
USERS AS PARTNERS
EMPOWERING USERS I.C.T. way
The LIBRARIANS “kupu-kupu di padang bunga pengetahuan atau petani di kebunnya”
New librarians will come from other backgrounds, and the emphasis will be on leadership, connectivity, innovation and creativity – making new and powerful connections increasingly on an individual basis between people and their knowledge needs (Kempster, 1999).
The information professional of the future will most likely be a hybrid of librarianship and computing, media specialization, and instructional technology, and we need to start thinking about how we as librarians add value to the teaching/learning/research support services and what we need to learn from our colleagues (Susan Pery in Raple, 1997).
Holistic librarians with a broad range of competencies and skills are an emerging prerequisite in academic libraries, especially in technology-oriented roles (Dupuis & Ryan, 2002).
Ideal Librarians
Intelligent
14 criteria
1. managerial skill in librarianship
2. Psychology and education
3. ICT-oriented; technology savvy
4-14 see also the article (Jurnal MEDIA PUSTAKAWAN, vol. 15 no. 1&2, JUNI 2008, hal. 25-30)
Flexible
Adaptive, creative-innovative
Responsive to changing conditions
Openness
Helpfull
Willing to tolerate users’ “unforced errors” and make them feel at ease.
Webometrics
4 indicators
Size (S): number of pages recovered from four engines (Google, Yahoo, Live Search, Exalead). 20%
Visibility (V): the total number of unique external links received (inlinks) by a site can only be confidently obtained from Yahoo search. 50%
Rich files (R): after evaluation of their relevance to academic and publication activities and considering the volume of the different files formats, the following were selected: Adobe Acrobat (.pdf), Adobe PostScript (.ps), Microsoft Powerpoint (.ppt). These data were extracted using Google, Yahoo search, Live Search, and Exalead. 15%
Scholar (Sc): Google Scholar provides the number of papers and citations for each academic domain. These results from the Scholar database represent papers, reports and other academic items. 15%
Ranks of universities of Indonesia (World rank (6000) and Indonesian rank (hundreds) as of February 16, 2010)
UGM. 1
ITB. 2
UI. 3
Universitas Kristen Petra, Surabaya. 4
UG. 5
UNM. 6
ITS. 7
UNS. 8.
Unair. 9.
Unibraw. 10
Undip. 11
IPB. 12
Unpad. 13
UPI. 14
Unsri. 15
UII. 16
UMS. 17
STMIK Amicom. 18
Universitas Lampung. 19
ITT (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Telkom. 20
UNY. 21
IPS. 22
Unhas. 23
Multi Format
Today, various information and knowledge are available in various forms and sources. Other than texts and printed matters, multi-media, digital , hypertext are abundant. Librarians need to provide access to all the sources. Librarians should be well involved in meetings, seminars, formal and informal discussions, national and international workshops, symposium, congress, etc.
Sesi Tiga: History of Internet and its Services
11 January 2015
Dhy Rachmaa Pengantar Perpustakaan Digital, Semester 2 Leave a comment
In 1969 the US ARPANET was established
In 1971 the first program for sending e-mail over a distributed network was developed
In 1980 e-mail for libraries was established
In 1982-83 the widespread use of the term Internet
In 1984 the domain name was introduced
In 1986 the NSFNET was established
In 1990 the ARPANET ceased to exist, leaving behind the NSFNET
In 1991 the www was released to the public
In 1993 the Mosaic browser was released
In 1995 the web became the most popular part of the Internet
By1997-2009 the rapid growing numbers of research network, hosts, domain names, web, users, and Web browsers
2011 refers to the era of Webometrics
2012 Internet users scored an important victory in the battle to defeat the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) / Protect IP Act (PIPA) and to maintain Internet freedom
Two Things Internet Brings to Librarianship
Hyper (excessive VS inter-links: non sequential, disordered) hypertext, hyperlink, hypermedia
Search engine (6) Northern light –
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