THE SCALE AND NATURE OF THE ‘PROBLE

THE SCALE AND NATURE OF THE ‘PROBLEM’
It is widely accepted that the major public health problems of developed and developing societies are increasingly degenerative, rather than infectious, diseases of the kind associated with changes over time in lifestyles. The most per- nicious of these is thought to be the ‘tide of obesity’ which is said to be ‘sweep- ing’ across the developed world in particular and which shows no sign of halting. In the USA, the number of obese adults has doubled since the mid- 1970s so that by the turn of the twenty-first century more than 60 per cent of American adults were classified as overweight or obese (Bouchard, 2000). In the UK, it is estimated that by 2010 75 per cent of the population will be over- weight, resulting in more than 30,000 deaths each year from weight-related illnesses (National Audit Office, 2001). The rapidity with which this ‘pan- demic of fat’ (World Health Organization [WHO], 2002) is becoming truly ‘global’ is illustrated by the revelation that China – a country which, until recently, was seen as having one of the leanest populations – is ‘fast catching up with the West’ with approximately one-fifth of the 1 billion overweight or obese people in the world living in China (Wu, 2006: 362). The prevalence of obesity among the young also appears to be increasing rapidly, particularly in the economically developed countries of the western world. In the USA, for example, Cohen et al. (2005: 154) point to ‘the tripling of overweight young people (ages 16–19) over the last 30 years’. Schenker (2005) estimates that 10 per cent of primary-aged youngsters in the UK are overweight and a further 2 per cent obese – a 100 per cent increase in both categories in the past decade. Elsewhere, Welk et al. (2006) point out the prevalence of obesity among Australian, Canadian, Chinese and Spanish youth. It seems that at current rates of increase, ‘“adult” percentages of overweight children will be reached within 30 years’ (Dollman, Norton and Norton, 2005: 895).

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

SKALA DAN SIFAT 'MASALAH'It is widely accepted that the major public health problems of developed and developing societies are increasingly degenerative, rather than infectious, diseases of the kind associated with changes over time in lifestyles. The most per- nicious of these is thought to be the ‘tide of obesity’ which is said to be ‘sweep- ing’ across the developed world in particular and which shows no sign of halting. In the USA, the number of obese adults has doubled since the mid- 1970s so that by the turn of the twenty-first century more than 60 per cent of American adults were classified as overweight or obese (Bouchard, 2000). In the UK, it is estimated that by 2010 75 per cent of the population will be over- weight, resulting in more than 30,000 deaths each year from weight-related illnesses (National Audit Office, 2001). The rapidity with which this ‘pan- demic of fat’ (World Health Organization [WHO], 2002) is becoming truly ‘global’ is illustrated by the revelation that China – a country which, until recently, was seen as having one of the leanest populations – is ‘fast catching up with the West’ with approximately one-fifth of the 1 billion overweight or obese people in the world living in China (Wu, 2006: 362). The prevalence of obesity among the young also appears to be increasing rapidly, particularly in the economically developed countries of the western world. In the USA, for example, Cohen et al. (2005: 154) point to ‘the tripling of overweight young people (ages 16–19) over the last 30 years’. Schenker (2005) estimates that 10 per cent of primary-aged youngsters in the UK are overweight and a further 2 per cent obese – a 100 per cent increase in both categories in the past decade. Elsewhere, Welk et al. (2006) point out the prevalence of obesity among Australian, Canadian, Chinese and Spanish youth. It seems that at current rates of increase, ‘“adult” percentages of overweight children will be reached within 30 years’ (Dollman, Norton and Norton, 2005: 895).

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

SKALA DAN SIFAT 'MASALAH'
Hal ini diterima secara luas bahwa masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama dari masyarakat maju dan berkembang semakin degeneratif, bukan infeksi, penyakit dari jenis terkait dengan perubahan dari waktu ke waktu dalam gaya hidup. The nicious paling per- ini diduga menjadi 'gelombang obesitas' yang dikatakan 'ing sweep-' di seluruh negara maju khususnya dan yang tidak menunjukkan tanda tersendat-sendat. Di Amerika Serikat, jumlah orang dewasa obesitas telah dua kali lipat sejak tahun 1970-an pertengahan sehingga pada pergantian abad kedua puluh satu lebih dari 60 persen dari orang dewasa Amerika diklasifikasikan sebagai kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas (Bouchard, 2000). Di Inggris, diperkirakan bahwa pada tahun 2010 75 persen dari penduduk akan berat berlebihan, mengakibatkan lebih dari 30.000 kematian setiap tahun dari penyakit berat terkait (Kantor Audit Nasional, 2001). Kecepatan dengan yang ini 'pan akademis lemak' (Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia [WHO], 2002) menjadi benar-benar 'global' diilustrasikan oleh wahyu bahwa China - negara yang, sampai saat ini, itu terlihat seperti memiliki salah satu populasi paling ramping - yang 'cepat menangkap dengan Barat' dengan sekitar seperlima dari 1 milyar orang kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas di dunia tinggal di Cina (Wu, 2006: 362). Prevalensi obesitas di kalangan anak muda juga tampaknya meningkat pesat, terutama di negara-negara maju secara ekonomi dari dunia barat. Di Amerika Serikat, misalnya, Cohen et al. (2005: 154) menunjukkan 'tiga kali lipat dari orang-orang muda yang kelebihan berat badan (usia 16-19) selama 30 tahun terakhir. Schenker (2005) memperkirakan bahwa 10 persen dari anak-anak SD usia di Inggris kelebihan berat badan dan lebih 2 persen obesitas - 100 persen peningkatan dalam kategori baik dalam dekade terakhir. Di tempat lain, Welk dkk. (2006) menunjukkan prevalensi obesitas di kalangan pemuda Australia, Kanada, Cina dan Spanyol. Tampaknya bahwa pada tingkat saat ini meningkat, '"dewasa" persentase anak-anak kelebihan berat badan akan ditempuh dalam waktu 30 tahun (Dollman, Norton dan Norton, 2005: 895).