MethodTo test these hypotheses self-completion questionnaires were mai terjemahan - MethodTo test these hypotheses self-completion questionnaires were mai Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

MethodTo test these hypotheses self

Method

To test these hypotheses self-completion questionnaires were mailed to 1,404 retail buyers from 357 supermarket outlets in New Zealand. The sampling frame was a supermarket directory listing containing the address and phone contact details of all supermarket managers. A pre-survey telephone call to each supermarket established the category responsibility of each of its buyers and identified knowledgeable respondents. Within a supermarket local buyers are responsible for the ordering of product, the store display and customer sales and service for the category. To test the generalisability of the proposed framework, we surveyed 16 brands from eight product categories (jam, fruit juice, toothpaste, shampoo, dishwashing liquid, laundry detergent, wine and beer) from four buyers within each supermarket. The buyer's category responsibilities determined which set of brand questionnaires the buyer received. Each survey set contained two questionnaires on two different brands. Buyers completed surveys on different brands from product categories within their area of responsibility. Within each category both a market leader and minor brand in equal proportions were included to avoid any influence of market share levels on the buyer evaluations.

The first mail-out resulted in 240 survey sets being returned. A follow up survey was mailed four weeks later to those retailers who had not responded and resulted in a further 186 sets. A comparison of the first group of surveys with the second revealed no differences in the questionnaire items between the two sets ([6] Armstrong and Overton, 1977). The total number of survey sets returned was 426, an overall response rate of 30.3 per cent. There were 16 unusable responses, leaving 410 usable survey sets. This response rate compares favourably with other brand retailer studies such as [9] Baldauf et al. (2003) who obtained a response rate of 20 per cent. As each retailer evaluated two brands from different product categories, the number of observations for analysis was 820.
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MethodTo test these hypotheses self-completion questionnaires were mailed to 1,404 retail buyers from 357 supermarket outlets in New Zealand. The sampling frame was a supermarket directory listing containing the address and phone contact details of all supermarket managers. A pre-survey telephone call to each supermarket established the category responsibility of each of its buyers and identified knowledgeable respondents. Within a supermarket local buyers are responsible for the ordering of product, the store display and customer sales and service for the category. To test the generalisability of the proposed framework, we surveyed 16 brands from eight product categories (jam, fruit juice, toothpaste, shampoo, dishwashing liquid, laundry detergent, wine and beer) from four buyers within each supermarket. The buyer's category responsibilities determined which set of brand questionnaires the buyer received. Each survey set contained two questionnaires on two different brands. Buyers completed surveys on different brands from product categories within their area of responsibility. Within each category both a market leader and minor brand in equal proportions were included to avoid any influence of market share levels on the buyer evaluations.The first mail-out resulted in 240 survey sets being returned. A follow up survey was mailed four weeks later to those retailers who had not responded and resulted in a further 186 sets. A comparison of the first group of surveys with the second revealed no differences in the questionnaire items between the two sets ([6] Armstrong and Overton, 1977). The total number of survey sets returned was 426, an overall response rate of 30.3 per cent. There were 16 unusable responses, leaving 410 usable survey sets. This response rate compares favourably with other brand retailer studies such as [9] Baldauf et al. (2003) who obtained a response rate of 20 per cent. As each retailer evaluated two brands from different product categories, the number of observations for analysis was 820.
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Metode

Untuk menguji hipotesis ini kuesioner self-selesai dikirimkan ke 1404 pembeli ritel dari 357 gerai supermarket di Selandia Baru. Kerangka sampling adalah direktori supermarket daftar yang berisi alamat dan kontak telepon rincian semua manajer supermarket. Sebuah pra-survei telepon panggilan untuk setiap supermarket didirikan kategori tanggung jawab masing-masing pembeli dan diidentifikasi responden berpengetahuan. Dalam supermarket pembeli lokal bertanggung jawab untuk pemesanan produk, tampilan toko dan penjualan pelanggan dan layanan untuk kategori. Untuk menguji generalisability dari kerangka yang diusulkan, kami survei 16 merek dari delapan kategori produk (selai, jus buah, pasta gigi, shampoo, cairan pencuci piring, deterjen, anggur dan bir) dari empat pembeli dalam setiap supermarket. Tanggung jawab kategori pembeli ditentukan yang set merek kuesioner pembeli menerima. Setiap set survei berisi dua kuesioner pada dua merek yang berbeda. Pembeli menyelesaikan survei pada merek yang berbeda dari kategori produk dalam area tanggung jawab mereka. Dalam setiap kategori baik pemimpin pasar dan merek kecil dalam proporsi yang sama dimasukkan untuk menghindari pengaruh tingkat pangsa pasar pada evaluasi pembeli.

Mail-out pertama mengakibatkan 240 set survei dikembalikan. Sebuah menindaklanjuti survei dikirimkan empat minggu kemudian untuk orang-orang pengecer yang tidak menanggapi dan mengakibatkan lebih lanjut 186 set. Sebuah perbandingan dari kelompok pertama dari survei dengan kedua menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan dalam item kuesioner antara dua set ([6] Armstrong dan Overton, 1977). Jumlah survei set kembali adalah 426, tingkat respons keseluruhan 30,3 persen. Ada 16 tanggapan tidak dapat digunakan, meninggalkan 410 set survei digunakan. Tingkat respons ini lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penelitian merek peritel lain seperti [9] Baldauf et al. (2003) yang memperoleh tingkat respon dari 20 persen. Karena setiap pengecer dievaluasi dua merek dari berbagai kategori produk, jumlah observasi untuk analisis adalah 820.
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