SCIENCE: A WAY OF EXPLAINING THE NATURAL WORLDHow scientists know and  terjemahan - SCIENCE: A WAY OF EXPLAINING THE NATURAL WORLDHow scientists know and  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

SCIENCE: A WAY OF EXPLAINING THE NA

SCIENCE: A WAY OF EXPLAINING THE NATURAL WORLD
How scientists know and explain the natural world and what they mean by
explanation and knowledge are both directly related to the processes, methods, and
strategies by which they develop and propose explanations. What are the basic
elements that underlie science as a way of knowing and explaining the natural
world? Succinctly, scientific knowledge of the natural world must be based on
observations and experimental data, that explanations about the way the world
works must be evaluated against empirical evidence.
Many science textbooks and some teaching instill the notion that science
proceeds as a prescribed method. Students learn that scientists begin with
observations. Based on their observations, scientists state a hypothesis. Often the
hypothesis takes the form of an “If-Then” proposition. That is, the hypothesis has a
predictive quality, which can be challenged or confirmed through further
observation of experimentations. If the observations or experiments confirm the
prediction, the hypothesis endures and investigations continue. The scientific
method, as presented, is logical, objective, and impersonal. Textbooks and teaching
leave students with the view that all of science proceeds in much the same way. To
the degree that students and the public have any sense of inquiry and the nature of
science, this is it. Unfortunately, this view is neither entirely correct nor absolutely
wrong. Perhaps some scientists might conduct their work in this manner. Certainly
they report their work this way at scientific meetings and in journals.
History offers numerous examples where scientists did not proceed as described.
Einstein, for example, did not begin with observations and experiments. A singular
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SCIENCE: A WAY OF EXPLAINING THE NATURAL WORLDHow scientists know and explain the natural world and what they mean byexplanation and knowledge are both directly related to the processes, methods, andstrategies by which they develop and propose explanations. What are the basicelements that underlie science as a way of knowing and explaining the naturalworld? Succinctly, scientific knowledge of the natural world must be based onobservations and experimental data, that explanations about the way the worldworks must be evaluated against empirical evidence.Many science textbooks and some teaching instill the notion that scienceproceeds as a prescribed method. Students learn that scientists begin withobservations. Based on their observations, scientists state a hypothesis. Often thehypothesis takes the form of an “If-Then” proposition. That is, the hypothesis has apredictive quality, which can be challenged or confirmed through furtherobservation of experimentations. If the observations or experiments confirm theprediction, the hypothesis endures and investigations continue. The scientificmethod, as presented, is logical, objective, and impersonal. Textbooks and teachingleave students with the view that all of science proceeds in much the same way. Tothe degree that students and the public have any sense of inquiry and the nature ofscience, this is it. Unfortunately, this view is neither entirely correct nor absolutelywrong. Perhaps some scientists might conduct their work in this manner. Certainly
they report their work this way at scientific meetings and in journals.
History offers numerous examples where scientists did not proceed as described.
Einstein, for example, did not begin with observations and experiments. A singular
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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ILMU: A GAYA MENJELASKAN ALAM DUNIA
Bagaimana para ilmuwan mengetahui dan menjelaskan dunia alam dan apa yang mereka maksud dengan
penjelasan dan pengetahuan yang baik secara langsung berkaitan dengan proses, metode, dan
strategi dengan mana mereka mengembangkan dan mengusulkan penjelasan. Apa dasar
unsur yang mendasari ilmu sebagai cara untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan alam
dunia? Ringkas, pengetahuan ilmiah dari alam harus didasarkan pada
pengamatan dan data eksperimen, bahwa penjelasan tentang cara dunia
bekerja harus dievaluasi terhadap bukti empiris.
Banyak buku teks ilmu pengetahuan dan pengajaran yang menanamkan gagasan bahwa ilmu
hasil sebagai metode yang ditentukan. Siswa belajar bahwa para ilmuwan mulai dengan
pengamatan. Berdasarkan pengamatan mereka, para ilmuwan menyatakan hipotesis. Seringkali
hipotesis mengambil bentuk "Jika-Maka" proposisi. Artinya, hipotesis memiliki
kualitas prediksi, yang bisa ditantang atau dikonfirmasi melalui lanjut
pengamatan eksperimentasi. Jika pengamatan atau percobaan mengkonfirmasi
prediksi, hipotesis bertahan dan penyelidikan terus. Ilmiah
metode, seperti yang disajikan, adalah logis, obyektif, dan impersonal. Buku teks dan pengajaran
meninggalkan siswa dengan pandangan bahwa semua hasil ilmu pengetahuan di banyak cara yang sama. Untuk
tingkat bahwa siswa dan masyarakat memiliki rasa penyelidikan dan sifat
ilmu pengetahuan, ini adalah itu. Sayangnya, pandangan ini tidak sepenuhnya benar atau benar-benar
salah. Mungkin beberapa ilmuwan mungkin melakukan pekerjaan mereka dengan cara ini. Tentu
mereka melaporkan pekerjaan mereka dengan cara ini pada pertemuan ilmiah dan jurnal.
Sejarah menawarkan banyak contoh di mana para ilmuwan tidak lanjutkan seperti yang dijelaskan.
Einstein, misalnya, tidak dimulai dengan pengamatan dan eksperimen. Sebuah tunggal
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