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Optimization of the Metals ExtractionAs described in “Procedure for Metal Extraction,” Zn wasdetermined in each experiment. In order to facilitate thedata interpretation, these values were normalized, with 100being the highest value.Figure 2 shows the probability graphic of the calculatedvariables contrasts. The highest contrasts were observed formixing type (−24%), sample mass (−17%), and filtration(−14%). In this case, when the ultrasound was used, a less intensive Zn extraction was observed. In the same way,when a higher mass (200 mg) was used, poor Zn extractionwas obtained, probably due to a small interaction betweenthe solid sample and the liquid. In the case of filtration, itcould be observed that when the samples were not filtered,more Zn was extracted due to the possible particlesintroduction into the flame zone and consequently into theoptical path of the equipment. In order to avoid manipulationand contamination, centrifuging of the samples wasindicated as an alternative for filtration. The other calculatedcontrast values (mixing time, acid type, concentration, andvolume) showed negligible values (ranging from −10% to6%—see the contrasts between the dotted vertical lines inFig. 2), thus proving that the use of either HCl or HNO3, forinstance, is of minor importance.
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