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This chapter introduces some of the basic principles of quantum mechanics. First, it reviews the experimental results that overthrew the concepts of classical physics.These experiments led to the conclusion that particles may not have an arbitrary energy and that the classical concepts of ‘particle’ and ‘wave’ blend together. The overthrow of classical mechanics inspired the formulation of a new set of concepts and led to the formulation of quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics, all the properties of a system are expressed in terms of a wave function that is obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation. We see how to interpret wave functions. Finally, we introduce some of the techniques of quantum mechanics in terms of operators, and see that they lead to the uncertainty principle, one of the most profound departures from classical mechanics.
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