Introduction Livestock and stored grain  2 are among the main forms of terjemahan - Introduction Livestock and stored grain  2 are among the main forms of Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Introduction Livestock and stored g

Introduction
Livestock and stored grain



2
are among the main forms of wealth available to Sahelian
households to meet needs imposed by production shortfalls and periodic cash requirements.
Because these sources have a very high covariation, in face of adverse climatic shocks
households develop off-farm activities that ensure their food security
2
3
and allow agricultural
investments. Comparing two similar groups in the Sahelian and the Sudanian zones
of
Burkina Faso, Reardon, Matlon and Delgado (1988) showed that the Sahelian group was
adequately nourished, while the Sudanian group was not. The results are explained by the role
of non-cropping income (three quarter of the household income in the Sahel sample come
from non-cropping sources). The latter is far from being a homogenous source because riskaverse
households
spread income
risk
not only
across occupations,
but
also
across
locations.

However,
the
occupational
diversification
has
higher crop-based
covariation
in regional

incomes,
which
makes
it
less
attractive
for coping
with
food
insecurity.
It is
the purchasing

power
that
ensures food
entitlement
and this
can
be
delinked
from
the
local
cereal
economy

through
migration.
Labor
migration
is
traditionally
considered
to
be
a way
of
protecting
household
members
at the
migrant’s
place
of
origin
from
economic
pitfalls
by
receipt
of
remittances.
Therefore,
migration
remains
an important
instrument
in
development
strategy
in
the
objective
of reducing
rural and
total
poverty.
Forty
six
percent
of
the
sample
households

in
the
2002
survey
of the
current
study
are
participating
in
migration
which
constitutes
the

main
monetary
income
source
in
22
percent
of
cases under
study.
Half
of the households

engaged
in off-farm
activities
are indeed
in
migration
mostly
to
Côte d’Ivoire.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
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Introduction Livestock and stored grain 2 are among the main forms of wealth available to Sahelianhouseholds to meet needs imposed by production shortfalls and periodic cash requirements.Because these sources have a very high covariation, in face of adverse climatic shockshouseholds develop off-farm activities that ensure their food security23 and allow agriculturalinvestments. Comparing two similar groups in the Sahelian and the Sudanian zones ofBurkina Faso, Reardon, Matlon and Delgado (1988) showed that the Sahelian group wasadequately nourished, while the Sudanian group was not. The results are explained by the roleof non-cropping income (three quarter of the household income in the Sahel sample comefrom non-cropping sources). The latter is far from being a homogenous source because riskaversehouseholdsspread incomerisknot onlyacross occupations,butalsoacrosslocations.However,theoccupationaldiversificationhashigher crop-basedcovariationin regionalincomes,whichmakesitlessattractivefor copingwithfoodinsecurity.It isthe purchasingpowerthatensures foodentitlementand thiscanbedelinkedfromthelocalcerealeconomythroughmigration.Labormigrationistraditionallyconsideredtobea wayofprotectinghouseholdmembersat themigrant’splaceoforiginfromeconomicpitfallsbyreceiptofremittances.Therefore,migrationremainsan importantinstrumentindevelopmentstrategyintheobjectiveof reducingrural andtotalpoverty.Fortysixpercentofthesamplehouseholdsinthe2002surveyof thecurrentstudyareparticipatinginmigrationwhichconstitutesthemainmonetaryincomesourcein22percentofcases understudy.Halfof the householdsengagedin off-farmactivitiesare indeedinmigrationmostlytoCôte d’Ivoire.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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Pengantar
Peternakan dan disimpan butir 2 adalah salah satu bentuk utama dari kekayaan yang tersedia untuk Sahel rumah tangga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang dikenakan oleh kekurangan produksi dan kebutuhan kas periodik. Karena sumber-sumber tersebut memiliki covariation sangat tinggi, dalam menghadapi guncangan iklim yang merugikan rumah tangga mengembangkan kegiatan off-farm yang menjamin keamanan pangan mereka 2 3 dan memungkinkan pertanian investasi. Membandingkan dua kelompok serupa di Sahel dan zona Sudanian dari Burkina Faso, Reardon, Matlon dan Delgado (1988) menunjukkan bahwa kelompok Sahel itu cukup gizi, sedangkan kelompok Sudanian tidak. Hasilnya dijelaskan oleh peran dari pendapatan non-cropping (tiga perempat dari pendapatan rumah tangga dalam sampel Sahel datang dari sumber-sumber non-cropping). Yang terakhir ini jauh dari sumber homogen karena riskaverse rumah tangga tersebar pendapatan risiko tidak hanya di pekerjaan, tetapi juga di seluruh lokasi. Namun, yang kerja diversifikasi memiliki berbasis tanaman yang lebih tinggi covariation di daerah pendapatan, yang membuat itu kurang menarik untuk mengatasi dengan makanan kerawanan . Ini adalah pembelian listrik yang menjamin makanan hak dan cara dari melindungi rumah tangga anggota di migran tempat dari asal dari ekonomi perangkap oleh penerimaan dari pengiriman uang. Oleh karena itu, migrasi tetap yang penting instrumen di pengembangan strategi di dalam tujuan mengurangi pedesaan dan jumlah kemiskinan. Empat puluh enam persen dari para sampel rumah tangga di dalam 2002 survei dari di bawah studi. Setengah dari rumah tangga yang terlibat dalam off-farm kegiatan memang di migrasi sebagian besar untuk Pantai Gading.





















































































































































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