Al-Qaradawi was born in 1926 in Safat Turab village in the Nile Delta, terjemahan - Al-Qaradawi was born in 1926 in Safat Turab village in the Nile Delta, Melayu Bagaimana mengatakan

Al-Qaradawi was born in 1926 in Saf

Al-Qaradawi was born in 1926 in Safat Turab village in the Nile Delta, Egypt, in a poor family of devout Muslim peasants. He became an orphan at the age of two, when he lost his father. Following his father's death, he was raised by his uncle. He read and memorized the entire Qur'an by the time he was nine years old.[17]

He then joined the Institute of Religious Studies at Tanta, and graduated after nine years of study. He moved on to study Islamic Theology at the Al-Azhar University in Cairo, from which he graduated in 1953. He earned a diploma in Arabic Language and Literature in 1958 at the Advanced Arabic Studies Institute. He enrolled in the graduate program in the Department of Qur'an and Sunnah Sciences of the Faculty of Religion's Fundamentals (Usul al-Din), and graduated with a Masters degree in Quranic Studies in 1960.[18] In 1962, he was sent by Al-Azhar University to Qatar to head the Qatari Secondary Institute of Religious Studies. He completed his PhD thesis titled Zakah and its effect on solving social problems in 1973 with First Merit, and was awarded his PhD degree from Al Azhar.

In 1977, he laid the foundation for the Faculty of Shari'ah and Islamic Studies in the University of Qatar and became the faculty's dean. In the same year he founded the Centre of Seerah and Sunna Research.[17][19][20][21] He also served at the Institute of Imams, Egypt under the Egyptian Ministry of Religious Endowments as supervisor before moving back to Doha as Dean of the Islamic Department at the Faculties of Shariah and Education in Qatar, where he continued until 1990.[22] His next appointment was in Algeria as Chairman of the Scientific Council of Islamic University and Higher Institutions in 1990–91. He returned to Qatar once more as Director of the Seerah and Sunnah Center at Qatar University, a post he still occupies today.[20]

Al-Qaradawi is the head of the European Council for Fatwa and Research,an Islamic scholarly entity based in Ireland.[23] He also serves as the chairman of International Union for Muslim Scholars (IUMS).[24]

He was imprisoned under King Farouq in 1949, then three times during the reign of former President Gamal Abdul Nasser, until he left Egypt for Qatar in 1961.[20] He returned to Egypt in 2011 in the wake of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution.[25]

Al-Qaradawi is a principal shareholder and former Sharia adviser to Bank Al-Taqwa, a member bank of the Lugano-Switzerland Al-Taqwa group, a bank that the U.S. states finances terrorism and that the UN Security Council had listed as associated with Al Qaeda.[26] On 2 August 2010, the bank was removed from a list of entities and individuals associated with Al Qaeda maintained by the Security Council.[27][28]

Al-Qaradawi finished 3rd in a 2008 poll on who was the world's leading public intellectual. The poll, Top 100 Public Intellectuals, was of the readers of Prospect Magazine (UK) and Foreign Policy (United States).[29]
2011 return to Egypt

After the 2011 Egyptian Revolution Qaradawi made his first public appearance in Egypt after 1981.[30] In Tahrir Square he led Friday prayers on 18 February, addressing an audience estimated to exceed two million Egyptians.[31] It began with an address of “Oh Muslims and Copts,” referring to Egypt’s Coptic Christian minority instead of the customary opening for Islamic Friday sermons “Oh Muslims”.[32] He was reported to have said,“Egyptian people are like the genie who came out of the lamp and who have been in prison for 30 years.” He also demanded the release of political prisoners in Egyptian prisons, praised the Copts for protecting Muslims in their Friday prayer, and called for the new military rulers to quickly restore civilian rule.[33]

On 21 February 2011, he talked about the protests in Libya and issued a fatwa permitting the killing of Muammar Gaddafi:[34]
“ To the officers and the soldiers who are able to kill Muammar Gaddafi, to whoever among them is able to shoot him with a bullet and to free the country and [God’s] servants from him, I issue this fatwa (uftī): Do it! That man wants to exterminate the people (sha‘b). As for me, I protect the people (sha‘b) and I issue this fatwa: Whoever among them is able to shoot him with a bullet and to free us from his evil, to free Libya and its great people from the evil of this man and from the danger of him, let him do so! It is not permissible (lā yajūzu) to any officer, be he a officer pilot, or a ground forces officer, or an air forces officer, or any other, it is not permissible to obey this man within disobedience (ma‘ṣiya) [to God], in evil (sharr), in injustice (ẓulm), in oppression (baghī ‘alā) of [His] servants. ”

He also called on Libyan ambassadors around the world to distance themselves from Gaddafi’s regime.[35][36]

In the Jerusalem Post, Barry Rubin drew a parallel between Qaradawi's sermon and the Ayatollah Khomeini returning to Iran. He also said that Qaradawi was encouraging the Muslim Brotherhood to suppress opposition when he made reference to hypocrites in his sermon.[37] Brookings Institution member Shadi Hamid says that Qaradawi is in the mainstream of Egyptian society, and that he also has appeal among Egyptians who are not Islamist.[38] In the Eurasia Review, Princeton University student Aaron Rock dismisses claims that Qaradawi is the Khomeini of Egypt, but he does see his influence as a sign that Islam will play a significant role in the shaping of Egypt's politics. He writes, "Neither Qaradawi’s popularity nor his rhetoric should distract from the fact that Egyptian revolution’s grievances were based on a desire for political liberty and economic opportunity. That said, Islam remains an important framework for public debate and a reservoir of political symbolism
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al-Qaradawi telah dilahirkan pada tahun 1926 di kampung Safat Turab di delta Nil, Mesir, dalam sebuah keluarga yang miskin petani muslim yang taat. dia menjadi anak yatim pada usia dua, apabila dia kehilangan bapanya. berikutan kematian bapanya, dia dibesarkan oleh bapa saudaranya. dia membaca dan menghafal seluruh qur'an pada masa dia berusia sembilan tahun. [17]

dia kemudian menyertai institut pengajian agama di Tanta,dan lulus selepas sembilan tahun pengajian. beliau berpindah untuk belajar teologi islam di universiti al-Azhar di Kaherah, dari mana beliau lulus pada tahun 1953. beliau mendapat diploma dalam bahasa arab dan sastera pada tahun 1958 di maju arab kajian institut. dia mendaftar dalam program siswazah di jabatan qur'an dan sains sunnah fakulti asas-asas agama (usul al-din),dan lulus dengan ijazah sarjana dalam pengajian Al-Quran pada tahun 1960. [18] pada tahun 1962, beliau telah dihantar oleh al-azhar universiti untuk qatar untuk mengetuai institut menengah Qatar pengajian agama. dia siap tesis PHD beliau bertajuk zakat dan kesannya dalam menyelesaikan masalah sosial pada tahun 1973 dengan merit pertama, dan telah dianugerahkan ijazah PHD dari al azhar.

pada tahun 1977,dia meletakkan asas bagi fakulti pengajian syariah dan islam di universiti qatar dan menjadi dekan fakulti. pada tahun yang sama beliau mengasaskan pusat sirah dan sunnah penyelidikan. [17] [19] [20] [21] beliau juga pernah berkhidmat di institut imam,Mesir di bawah kementerian Mesir daripada khazanah agama sebagai penyelia sebelum kembali ke doha sebagai dekan jabatan islam di fakulti syariah dan pendidikan di qatar, di mana beliau berterusan sehingga tahun 1990. [22] pelantikan beliau seterusnya ialah di Algeria sebagai pengerusi saintifik majlis islam universiti dan institusi pengajian tinggi dalam 1990-91.beliau kembali ke qatar sekali lagi sebagai pengarah sirah dan pusat sunnah di qatar universiti, jawatan yang masih menduduki hari ini. [20]

al-Qaradawi adalah ketua majlis european fatwa dan penyelidikan, entiti ilmiah islam berdasarkan di ireland. [23] beliau juga berkhidmat sebagai pengerusi kesatuan antarabangsa bagi ulama Islam (iums). [24]

dia dipenjarakan di bawah Raja Farouq pada tahun 1949,maka tiga kali semasa pemerintahan bekas Presiden Gamal Abdul Nasser, sehingga dia meninggalkan Mesir untuk qatar pada tahun 1961. [20], beliau kembali ke Mesir pada tahun 2011 di tengah-tengah 2011 Mesir revolusi. [25]

al-Qaradawi adalah pemegang saham utama dan bekas penasihat kepada bank syariah al-taqwa, sebuah bank ahli Lugano-Switzerland al-taqwa kumpulan, bank bahawa kitakewangan negeri keganasan dan bahawa Majlis Keselamatan PBB telah disenaraikan sebagai dikaitkan dengan al Qaeda. [26] Pada 2 Ogos 2010, bank itu telah dibuang dari senarai entiti dan individu yang berkaitan dengan al Qaeda dikekalkan oleh majlis keselamatan. [27] [ 28]

al-Qaradawi selesai 3 dalam pengundian pada tahun 2008 yang merupakan intelektual awam yang terkemuka di dunia. pengundian, atas 100 intelektual awam,adalah daripada pembaca majalah prospek (uk) dan dasar luar negara (Amerika Syarikat). [29]
2011 kembali ke Mesir

selepas 2011 Mesir revolusi Qaradawi membuat penampilan awam pertama di Mesir selepas 1981. [30] di Dataran Tahrir beliau mengetuai solat Jumaat pada 18 februari, menangani penonton dianggarkan melebihi dua juta orang Mesir. [31] ia bermula dengan alamat "oh Muslim dan Copt,"Merujuk kepada minoriti Koptik Mesir ini christian bukannya pembukaan adat untuk islam Jumaat khutbah" oh Islam ". [32] beliau dilaporkan berkata," orang Mesir adalah seperti jin yang keluar dari lampu dan yang telah di penjara selama 30 tahun. "katanya juga menuntut pembebasan tahanan politik di penjara Mesir,memuji Copt untuk melindungi orang-orang Islam dalam solat Jumaat mereka, dan dipanggil untuk raja-raja tentera baru untuk cepat memulihkan pemerintahan awam. [33]

pada 21 Februari 2011, beliau bercakap tentang protes di Libya dan mengeluarkan fatwa membenarkan pembunuhan Muammar Gaddafi: [34]
"kepada pegawai-pegawai dan anggota tentera yang mampu untuk membunuh Muammar Gaddafi,kepada sesiapa di antara mereka mampu untuk menembak dia dengan peluru dan untuk membebaskan negara ini dan kakitangan [tuhan] dari dia, saya mengeluarkan fatwa ini (uftī): melakukannya! seorang lelaki yang mahu menghapuskan orang-orang (sha'b). sebagai bagi saya, saya melindungi orang (sha'b) dan saya mengeluarkan fatwa ini: sesiapa di kalangan mereka mampu untuk menembak dia dengan peluru dan untuk membebaskan kita dari yang jahat,untuk membebaskan Libya dan orang-orang yang besar dari kejahatan manusia ini dan daripada bahaya kepadanya, biarlah dia berbuat demikian! tidak dibenarkan (La yajūzu) kepada mana-mana pegawai, sama ada dia seorang juruterbang pegawai, atau kuasa-kuasa pegawai tanah, atau kuasa-kuasa pegawai udara, atau apa-apa lain, ia tidak dibenarkan untuk taat kepada seorang lelaki ini dalam maksiat (ma'ṣiya) [ kepada tuhan], dalam kejahatan (sharr), ketidakadilan (ẓulm),dalam penindasan (baghī 'ala) dari hamba-hamba [beliau]. "

Dia juga menggesa duta Libya di seluruh dunia untuk menjauhkan diri daripada rejim Gaddafi. [35] [36]

dalam jawatan jerusalem itu, Barry Rubin menarik selari antara khutbah Qaradawi dan Ayatollah Khomeini kembali ke iran.beliau juga berkata bahawa Qaradawi adalah menggalakkan persaudaraan Islam untuk menindas pembangkang apabila dia membuat rujukan kepada orang-orang munafik dalam khutbah beliau. [37] Brookings institusi anggota Shadi Hamid mengatakan bahawa Qaradawi dalam arus perdana masyarakat Mesir, dan bahawa dia juga mempunyai rayuan di kalangan orang-orang Mesir yang bukan Islam. [38] dalam kajian Eurasia,princeton pelajar universiti aaron rock menolak dakwaan bahawa Qaradawi adalah Khomeini di Mesir, tetapi dia melihat pengaruh beliau sebagai tanda bahawa islam akan memainkan peranan penting dalam pembentukan politik Mesir itu. dia menulis,"Tidak popular Qaradawi itu mahupun retorik beliau harus mengalihkan perhatian daripada fakta bahawa rungutan Mesir revolusi adalah berdasarkan keinginan untuk kebebasan politik dan peluang ekonomi. Itu berkata, islam kekal sebagai rangka kerja untuk perbahasan awam dan takungan simbolisme politik
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