emissions in power plants, was implemented in 1995. The authors find t terjemahan - emissions in power plants, was implemented in 1995. The authors find t Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

emissions in power plants, was impl

emissions in power plants, was implemented in 1995. The authors find that plants taking part in this program experienced a substantial improvement in their environmental performance, as measured by the EPI, during the sample period. This suggests that encouragement for CSR can have beneficial social impacts as it motivates firms to adapt their production practices and thus their good to bad output balance.
Gerald Granderson addresses the effects on productivity measures when there is a bad output that contributes to environmental damage. He conducts a decomposition of total factor productivity growth for firms that are subject to regulation due to their production of such a bad output. As a basis for this decomposition, CSR is framed within a production function context, in which the production of good and bad outputs yields social benefits and costs that are recognized by socially responsible firms.
The author decomposes total factor productivity growth into scale economies, technical change, and efficiency change, based on longitudinal data from 34 U.S. investor-owned electric utilities and using the Bauer (1990) method combined with techniques developed by Denny, Fuss, and Waverman (1981) and Granderson (1997). He identifies the productive contribution of the bad output using methods developed by Ball, Fare, Grosskopf, and Zaim (2005) and Chapple, Morrison Paul, and Harris (2005). He finds that improvements in scale, efficiency, and technical change contributed to productivity growth in this sector, but that failure to account for production of the bad output results in overestimation of the overall rate of productivity growth and its scale economy and technical change components. This suggests that CSR activities limit the productive effects of technical change and scale economies.
In sum, these articles provide an important foundation for economic CSR analysis by showing how one might evaluate the costs and benefits of CSR activities in the context of
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productivity and cost efficiency. They document that CSR activities may affect the productive impacts of efficiency, technical change and scale economies, as well as increase input costs and composition (potentially increasing outsourcing and reducing investment and employment). The findings also indicate that these impacts are dependent on firm characteristics such as the motivations for socially responsible actions, tax laws, location, and plant age and innovation activities. These results provide provocative insights, therefore, regarding how CSR must be balanced by benefits or regulations (implied social benefits) to motivate firms to carry out such activities.
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emissions in power plants, was implemented in 1995. The authors find that plants taking part in this program experienced a substantial improvement in their environmental performance, as measured by the EPI, during the sample period. This suggests that encouragement for CSR can have beneficial social impacts as it motivates firms to adapt their production practices and thus their good to bad output balance.Gerald Granderson addresses the effects on productivity measures when there is a bad output that contributes to environmental damage. He conducts a decomposition of total factor productivity growth for firms that are subject to regulation due to their production of such a bad output. As a basis for this decomposition, CSR is framed within a production function context, in which the production of good and bad outputs yields social benefits and costs that are recognized by socially responsible firms.The author decomposes total factor productivity growth into scale economies, technical change, and efficiency change, based on longitudinal data from 34 U.S. investor-owned electric utilities and using the Bauer (1990) method combined with techniques developed by Denny, Fuss, and Waverman (1981) and Granderson (1997). He identifies the productive contribution of the bad output using methods developed by Ball, Fare, Grosskopf, and Zaim (2005) and Chapple, Morrison Paul, and Harris (2005). He finds that improvements in scale, efficiency, and technical change contributed to productivity growth in this sector, but that failure to account for production of the bad output results in overestimation of the overall rate of productivity growth and its scale economy and technical change components. This suggests that CSR activities limit the productive effects of technical change and scale economies.In sum, these articles provide an important foundation for economic CSR analysis by showing how one might evaluate the costs and benefits of CSR activities in the context of10productivity and cost efficiency. They document that CSR activities may affect the productive impacts of efficiency, technical change and scale economies, as well as increase input costs and composition (potentially increasing outsourcing and reducing investment and employment). The findings also indicate that these impacts are dependent on firm characteristics such as the motivations for socially responsible actions, tax laws, location, and plant age and innovation activities. These results provide provocative insights, therefore, regarding how CSR must be balanced by benefits or regulations (implied social benefits) to motivate firms to carry out such activities.
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emisi di pembangkit listrik, dilaksanakan pada tahun 1995. Para penulis menemukan bahwa tanaman mengambil bagian dalam program ini mengalami peningkatan yang substansial dalam kinerja lingkungan mereka, yang diukur dengan EPI, selama periode sampel. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dorongan untuk CSR dapat memiliki dampak sosial bermanfaat karena memotivasi perusahaan untuk beradaptasi praktek produksi mereka dan dengan demikian baik untuk keseimbangan keluaran buruk.
Gerald Granderson membahas efek pada pengukuran produktivitas ketika ada output buruk yang memberikan kontribusi untuk kerusakan lingkungan. Dia melakukan dekomposisi pertumbuhan produktivitas faktor total untuk perusahaan-perusahaan yang tunduk kepada peraturan karena produksi mereka seperti output yang buruk. Sebagai dasar untuk dekomposisi ini, CSR dibingkai dalam konteks fungsi produksi, di mana produksi output yang baik dan buruk menghasilkan manfaat sosial dan biaya yang diakui oleh perusahaan yang bertanggung jawab secara sosial.
Penulis terurai pertumbuhan produktivitas total faktor dalam skala ekonomi, teknis perubahan, dan efisiensi perubahan, berdasarkan data longitudinal dari 34 US utilitas listrik milik investor dan menggunakan Bauer (1990) metode dikombinasikan dengan teknik yang dikembangkan oleh Denny, Repotnya, dan Waverman (1981) dan Granderson (1997). Dia mengidentifikasi kontribusi produktif output buruk menggunakan metode yang dikembangkan oleh Ball, Harga, Grosskopf, dan Zaim (2005) dan Chapple, Morrison Paul, dan Harris (2005). Ia menemukan bahwa perbaikan dalam skala, efisiensi, dan perubahan teknis kontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan produktivitas di sektor ini, tetapi kegagalan itu untuk memperhitungkan produksi hasil output yang buruk di terlalu tinggi dari tingkat keseluruhan pertumbuhan produktivitas dan ekonomi skala dan komponen perubahan teknis. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan CSR membatasi efek produktif perubahan dan skala ekonomi teknis.
Singkatnya, artikel ini memberikan landasan penting untuk analisis CSR ekonomi dengan menunjukkan bagaimana seseorang dapat mengevaluasi biaya dan manfaat dari kegiatan CSR dalam konteks
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produktivitas dan biaya efisiensi. Mereka mendokumentasikan bahwa kegiatan CSR dapat mempengaruhi dampak produktif efisiensi, perubahan teknis dan skala ekonomi, serta meningkatkan biaya input dan komposisi (berpotensi meningkatkan outsourcing dan mengurangi investasi dan lapangan kerja). Temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa dampak tersebut tergantung pada karakteristik perusahaan seperti motivasi untuk tindakan tanggung jawab sosial, hukum pajak, lokasi, dan umur tanaman dan kegiatan inovasi. Hasil ini memberikan wawasan provokatif, oleh karena itu, tentang bagaimana CSR harus diimbangi dengan manfaat atau peraturan (manfaat sosial tersirat) untuk memotivasi perusahaan untuk melaksanakan kegiatan tersebut.
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