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Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
To sum up, there is a set of important aspects regarding children’s participation worthy of reflection and debate: the diversity of definitions of children’s participation, contexts, the actors involved, participation processes and methodologies on the one hand; and the importance of social, cultural and political factors exogenous to participation on the other. When children’s participation is discussed, it is also necessary to take into account several dimensions of social differentiation, like age, gender, race, ethnic group and social class, that will influence the quality and distributive effects of participation. Another important issue is the relation between children’s participation, democracy and (active and inclusive) citizenship. Children’s participation should consider a two-dimensional approach to generational justice, i.e. it should articulate two interpretations of justice – distribution (based on a critical distributive theory, whose concerns are childhood poverty, children exploitation, inequalities, and the like), and acknowledgment (issues of disrespect, imperialism and status hierarchy that need to be incorporated) (Fraser, 2002).Important questions, such as “How to carry it out? What ethical issues? Which evaluation?” give credit to the whole process. Therefore, one should bear in mind the technical dimension of children’s participation, as well as the organisation and methodology for working with children and with the mediation of adults. Due to this, it is necessary to assess the process and its results, including those related to the effects of public policies on children’s daily life, not to mention the pedagogical dimension, which should not be overlooked.Finally, children’s social movements, movements for the defence of children’s rights (Tomás, 2007), NGOs and other organised groups moving around children and children’s participation can be identified as social actors that may represent children’s interests. However they should not be looked up to as unique and their representation should be interpreted critically. The promotion of spaces for decision-making and sharing power gives way to the creation of new methodologies and strategies for working with children leading to their involvement in the decisions that will affect their futures.
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