A replication of the Gorn study (1982) by Kellaris and Cox (1989) fail terjemahan - A replication of the Gorn study (1982) by Kellaris and Cox (1989) fail Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

A replication of the Gorn study (19

A replication of the Gorn study (1982) by Kellaris and Cox (1989) failed to reproduce the positive effect of liked versus disliked music after controlling for musical structural elements and possible demand effects. Their results question the effect of single exposures that merely vary background music’s appeal. They called for research on the influence of music’s structural elements on cognitive and affective responses (such as mood) toward the ad and the product.
The key basic research relating musical elements to emotional responses was reported by Hevner (1935), who presented subjects with identical pieces, controlling for all elements but major and minor modes. She concluded that all of the historically affirmed characteristics of the two modes, perceived as happy and sad, respectively, were confirmed in her study. In later research, she also reported associations between musical elements, such as fast tempo, loud dynamics, lively and varied rhythm, and high register with perceptions of the music as happy, merry, graceful, and playful. Musical elements such as slower tempo, quiet dynamics, unvaried rhythm, and low register were reported to be sad, dreamy, and sentimental (Hevner, 1935, 1936). She noted that although mode is never the sole factor that determines the way music is perceived, it is the most stable, generally understood, and influential of any of the elements in expressing the affective mood of music.
Additional studies of musical structural elements’ effects on emotional responses are summarized in Bruner (1990) and North et al. (1999). Additional musical effects on mood and consumer behavior are found in studies such as Dube et al. (1995), who varied the musical background of a videosimulated bank and produced effects on pleasure and arousal and corresponding effects on desires to affiliate with bank employees. Higher affiliation was associated with musically induced pleasure and arousal.
Alpert and Alpert (1990) replicated and extended Hevner’s findings, concluding that equally liked but unfamiliar music produced emotional responses predictable from analysis of its structural profile of musical elements. These mood states were associated with influence on purchase intention towards greeting cards viewed with the varying background music. Rather than generalize main effects from their study (sad music was ‘‘better’’), they suggested that future research may be productively directed at the interactions among music type, card type, and situation. They speculated that happy music may ‘‘help’’ happy cards when purchased for joyous occasions; sad music may help sad cards more than happy ones for sad situations such as funerals.
The present study replicates and extends this work and tests their hypotheses about the role of musical structure on moods and consumer behavior under situational variation. For comparison, we also use unfamiliar music and simulated greeting card advertisements, but we vary the purpose of the greeting card by varying the occasion for which it is to be bought.
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A replication of the Gorn study (1982) by Kellaris and Cox (1989) failed to reproduce the positive effect of liked versus disliked music after controlling for musical structural elements and possible demand effects. Their results question the effect of single exposures that merely vary background music’s appeal. They called for research on the influence of music’s structural elements on cognitive and affective responses (such as mood) toward the ad and the product.The key basic research relating musical elements to emotional responses was reported by Hevner (1935), who presented subjects with identical pieces, controlling for all elements but major and minor modes. She concluded that all of the historically affirmed characteristics of the two modes, perceived as happy and sad, respectively, were confirmed in her study. In later research, she also reported associations between musical elements, such as fast tempo, loud dynamics, lively and varied rhythm, and high register with perceptions of the music as happy, merry, graceful, and playful. Musical elements such as slower tempo, quiet dynamics, unvaried rhythm, and low register were reported to be sad, dreamy, and sentimental (Hevner, 1935, 1936). She noted that although mode is never the sole factor that determines the way music is perceived, it is the most stable, generally understood, and influential of any of the elements in expressing the affective mood of music.Additional studies of musical structural elements’ effects on emotional responses are summarized in Bruner (1990) and North et al. (1999). Additional musical effects on mood and consumer behavior are found in studies such as Dube et al. (1995), who varied the musical background of a videosimulated bank and produced effects on pleasure and arousal and corresponding effects on desires to affiliate with bank employees. Higher affiliation was associated with musically induced pleasure and arousal.Alpert and Alpert (1990) replicated and extended Hevner’s findings, concluding that equally liked but unfamiliar music produced emotional responses predictable from analysis of its structural profile of musical elements. These mood states were associated with influence on purchase intention towards greeting cards viewed with the varying background music. Rather than generalize main effects from their study (sad music was ‘‘better’’), they suggested that future research may be productively directed at the interactions among music type, card type, and situation. They speculated that happy music may ‘‘help’’ happy cards when purchased for joyous occasions; sad music may help sad cards more than happy ones for sad situations such as funerals.The present study replicates and extends this work and tests their hypotheses about the role of musical structure on moods and consumer behavior under situational variation. For comparison, we also use unfamiliar music and simulated greeting card advertisements, but we vary the purpose of the greeting card by varying the occasion for which it is to be bought.
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Sebuah replikasi dari penelitian Gorn (1982) oleh Kellaris dan Cox (1989) gagal untuk mereproduksi efek positif menyukai dibandingkan musik tidak disukai setelah mengendalikan elemen struktur musik dan efek permintaan mungkin. Hasil penelitian mereka mempertanyakan efek dari eksposur tunggal yang hanya bervariasi banding latar belakang musik. Mereka menyerukan penelitian tentang pengaruh elemen struktur musik pada respon kognitif dan afektif (seperti suasana hati) terhadap iklan dan produk.
Penelitian dasar kunci yang berkaitan unsur musik untuk respon emosional dilaporkan oleh Hevner (1935), yang menampilkan subjek potongan identik, mengendalikan semua elemen tetapi mode besar dan kecil. Dia menyimpulkan bahwa semua karakteristik historis menegaskan dari dua mode, dianggap sebagai bahagia dan sedih, masing-masing, dikonfirmasi di ruang kerjanya. Dalam penelitian kemudian, ia juga melaporkan hubungan antara unsur musik, seperti tempo cepat, dinamika keras, ritme hidup dan bervariasi, dan daftar tinggi dengan persepsi musik bahagia, riang, anggun, dan lucu. Unsur-unsur musik seperti tempo lambat, dinamika tenang, ritme unvaried, dan daftar yang rendah dilaporkan menjadi sedih, melamun, dan sentimental (Hevner 1935, 1936). Dia mencatat bahwa meskipun modus tidak pernah satu-satunya faktor yang menentukan cara musik dianggap, itu adalah yang paling stabil, umumnya dipahami, dan berpengaruh dari setiap elemen dalam mengekspresikan mood afektif musik.
Studi tambahan dari efek elemen struktur musik ' pada respon emosional dirangkum dalam Bruner (1990) dan North et al. (1999). Efek musik tambahan pada suasana hati dan perilaku konsumen ditemukan dalam studi seperti Dube et al. (1995), yang bervariasi latar belakang musik dari bank videosimulated dan efek pada kesenangan dan gairah dan efek pada keinginan untuk berafiliasi dengan karyawan bank yang sesuai diproduksi. Afiliasi yang lebih tinggi dikaitkan dengan kesenangan dan gairah musik diinduksi.
Alpert dan Alpert (1990) direplikasi dan diperluas temuan Hevner ini, menyimpulkan bahwa sama-sama menyukai tapi musik asing menghasilkan respon emosional diprediksi dari analisis profil struktural dari unsur-unsur musik. Suasana hati negara ini dikaitkan dengan pengaruh pada niat beli terhadap kartu ucapan dilihat dengan latar belakang musik yang berbeda-beda. Daripada generalisasi efek utama dari studi mereka (musik sedih adalah '' lebih baik ''), mereka menyarankan bahwa penelitian masa depan dapat produktif diarahkan pada interaksi antara jenis musik, jenis kartu, dan situasi. Mereka berspekulasi bahwa senang musik mungkin '' bantuan '' kartu bahagia ketika dibeli untuk acara-acara gembira; musik sedih dapat membantu kartu sedih lebih dari yang senang untuk situasi yang menyedihkan seperti pemakaman.
Penelitian ini mereplikasi dan memperluas pekerjaan ini dan tes hipotesis mereka tentang peran struktur musik pada suasana hati dan perilaku konsumen di bawah variasi situasional. Sebagai perbandingan, kami juga menggunakan musik asing dan iklan kartu ucapan simulasi, tapi kami bervariasi tujuan kartu ucapan dengan memvariasikan kesempatan untuk yang akan dibeli.
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