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Supplementation of dairy cow diets with calcium
salts of long-chain fatty acids and nicotinic acid
in early lactation.
ARTICLE in JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE · MAY 1992
Impact Factor: 2.55 · DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)77852-7 · Source: PubMed
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Supplementation of Dairy Cow Diets with Calcium Salts
of Long-chain Fatty Acids and Nicotinic Acid
in Early Lactation1
P. S. ERICKSON? M. R. MURPHY? and J. H. CLARK
Department of Animal sdences
unhrersity of niinols
Urbana 61801
ABSTRACT
Forty multiparous Holstein cows were
assigned to one of four treatments 15 d
postpartum according to milk yield during
wk 2 postpartum to examine the
effects of supplementing niacin, Ca salts
of long-chain faUy acids, and their interaction.
Treatments were control, niacin
(12 g/d), Ca salts of long-chain fatty
acids (3% of dietary DM), or a combination
of niacin and Ca salts. On d 99
postpartum, all cows were fed the control
treatment for 2 wk to evaluate residual
effects. Milk and FCM yields, blood
plasma NEFA and ~-hydmxybutyrate
concentrations, and apparent total tract
hemicellulose digestibility were increased;
milk protein percentage, milk
SNF percentage, and blood plasma glucose
concentrations were reduced by
treatments containing the Ca soaps. Niacin
supplementation increased milk protein
content and yield but reduced blood
plasma B-hydroxybutyrate concentration.
During the residual peaiod, in which all
cows received the control treatment, milk
yield and plasma NEFA concentration
remained elevated, milk protein and SNF
contents remained depressed, and milk
fat content was reduced for cows previlong-
chain fatty acids. Me&ionine and
ously supplemented with ca salts of
Received April 29, 1991.
Accepted Decembrr 6. 1991.
lsnppoaed by JniImis Apsicnlhwl lkpakalt station
@latch3 5-0371). Qmrch & Dwi@ CO, Inc.. Caumod‘~e
edit corpaatian. and Grad Inc.
2pzcSent address: H05inanu-- Inc.. 340 Kinp
land Street, Nutley, NJ 07110.
West Gregory Drive. urbma. IL 61801.
%or reprinto: 262 Animal scicncg Laboratory, 1207
phenylalanine uptakes by the mammary
gland were enhand by niacin supplementation.
Results indicated that - cattle in early lactation yielded more
milk when their diets were supplemented
with Ca sdts of long-chain fatty acids
and that niacin supplementation increased
milk protein content and yield.
(Key words: fat, niacin, early lactation)
Abbreviation key: BHBA = phydroxybutyrate,
CAMP = cyclic adenosine
monophosphate, CaS = Ca salts of long-chain
fatty acids, CaSN = Ca salts of long-chain
fatty acids and nicotinic acid, CoA = coenzyme
A, NA = nicotinic acid.
INTRODUCTlON
Responses to supplementation of dairy cow
diets with protected lipids have been variable.
When lipids ploteded by encapsulation in
formaldehyde-tmxted protein were fed, milk
yield was not increami, but FCM yield was
improved because of i n d mi lk fat content
(17, 27). Supplementation of dairy cow diets
with prilled long-chain fatty acids has not increased
milk yield (=, 29). However, supplementation
of - cow diets with Ca salts of
long-chain fatty acids (CaS) has increased
milk or FCM yield in some (16, 30), but not
all, experiments (25). In vivo nutriemt digestibilities
are not normally altered by Cas (25).
Nicotinic acid (NA) supplementation has
impved milk yield, possibly because of a
reduction in subclinical ketosis (8). Nicotinic
acid also has increased milk protein percentage
(12), in vim microbial protein synthesis (13,
28). and in vivo ruminal fluid protozoal numbers
(11). Nicotinic acid has r e d d NEFA
CoLlcentratiOns in plasma of nonruminants (4)
and ruminants (8). Its mode of action in vivo
may be by depressing the activity of adenyl
1992 J Dairy Sci 75:1W8-1089 1078
FAT AND NIACIN IN EARLY LACTATION 1079
TABLF! 1. Ingredient composition of diets on a DM basis.
InQtedient
Treatment'
Control NA cas CaSN
Alfalfa grasJ haylage
Corn silage
High moistnre shelled corn
soybean meat
Limestom
sodmm bicarbonatt
Dicalcium pbospbate
sodium sulfate
salt
Magnesium oxide
Trace mimtal and Vitamin mh? cas
(%I
35 .oo 35.00
10.00 10.00
38.26 3826
1350 1350
1.30 1.30
.75 .75
50 .so
22 52
20 20
.12 .12
.15 .I5
0 0
35.00
10.00
35.49
14.00
53
.75
52
22
20
.I4
.I5
3 .00
35.00
10.00
35.49
14.00
53
.75
52
22
20
.14
.IS
3.00
~ ~~-~ ~ ~~~
'Nicotinic acid (NA, 6gld) with 34g of soybean meal and log of dry moLasses was topdressed onto the TMRtwice
daily. Cows that did notreceiveNA recdved lbe soybeanmeal and molasses twice daily. Cas = Ca salts of long-chain
fatty adds. CaSN = Ca salts of long chain Eany acids and NA.
&minerat andvitaminmixmtaining 10% S, 75% 9, 5% Mg, 3% ZO. 3% Mn, 2% Fe, 3% Ca. .I32596 I,
.OM% Se, .004% Co, 2,200,000 W/kg of Vitrmin A, 660,000 W& of vitamin D, and 7709 lU/kg of vitamin E.
cyclase (23) or increasing the activity of cyclic
adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) phosphodiesterase
in adipytes (2). Activation of
adenyl cyclase by hormones car^ stimulate
hormonesensitive lipase, which catalyzes
lipolysis. If acetylcoenzyme A (CoA) builds
up in the liver in quantities that catlzlot react
with oxaloace$ate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle,
ketogenesis will occuf.
Supplementation of dahy cow diets with
lipids may reduce ketosis by sparing glucose
CaS and NA may improve the overall energy
status of dairy cows in early lactation. Tbe
objectives of this experbent were to examine
the effects of Cas and NA, and their mtemction,
on milk yield and composition, metabolism,
apparent total tract nutrient digestibilities,
and M utilization by the lactating mammary
gland
(22). Therefore, supplementation of diets with
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty multiparous Holstein cows were assigned
in a completely randomized design to
either control, 12 g/d per cow of NA, Cas
(marketed as Megalac@' by Church & Dwight
Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ) at 3% of dietary DM,
or a combination of Cas and NA (CaSN)
beginnins on d 15 postpamrm. All cows
received the control diet and 2.3 kg/d of alfalfa
hay from pamuition until d 7 postpartum and
only the control diet from d 8 to d 14. Composition
of diets is shown in Table 1. All cows
were fed their respective diets for ad libitum
i n w . Nicotinic acid (6 g) was top-dressed in
a supplement consisting of 34 g of soybean
ing (1100 and 1800 h). Cows not receiving NA
were fed only the 34 g of soybean meal and 10
g of dried molasses at each feeding. Cows
were milked at O600 and 1700 h and allowed
to exercise from O900 to 1100 h daily. Cows
received their respective treatments from d 15
to 98 postpartum (treatment period) and were
switched back to the control treatment fmm d
99 to 112 (residual period). Neither NA nor the
supplement was topdressed during the residual
mod. The residual period was utilized to
dermine whether there were any carry-over
effects from the previous treatment. Daily milk
yield was monitored throughout the experiment.
Milk samples were taken at both the
a.m. and p.m. milkings on d 7, 9, 11, and 13
postpartum and on Monday p.m and Tuesday
am. milkings each week during the experiment,
composited by milk yield at the am. and
p.m. milkings, preserved with potassium
dichromate, and stored at 4'C. Milk fat and
protein were determined by infr;lred analyses
Jotanal of Dairy Science Vol. 75, No. 4, 1992
meal and 10 g of dried molasses at each feed1080
ERICKSON ET AL.
(Dairy Lab Services, Inc., Dubuque, IA) and
SNF according to Golding (10). Feed samples
were taken weekly for DM determination by
drying at 105'C for 24 h and pooled monthly
for analysis of DM, NDF, ADF, CP, minerals,
and estimation of NEL by the Northeast DHI
Cooperative Forage testing laboratory (Ithaca,
NY). As-fed weights of forage and concentrate
were adjusted weekly based on the DM content
of feeds.
Cows were weighed every Wednesday after
the am. milking during the experiment.
Weekly BW were adjusted by using a threepoint
linear smoothing formula (24). Body
weight change was determined on the
smoothed values by subtracting the latter
smoothed BW from the former smoothed BW.
Body weight change was not evaluated during
the residual period. Body condition scores
were determined using whole numbers be
tween 1 (thin) and 5 (obese). Cows were
scored independently by the primary author
and another person every 14 d.
Blood Plasma Constltuents
Each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at
1330 h, 10 ml of blood were taken from the
coccygeal vein and placed in icecold,
heparinized tubes. Samples were centrifuged at
4OOO x g for 10 min, and the plasma was
retained. Aliquots (1.5 ml) of plasma from
each sample day were pooled by week and
stored at -2o'C. Glucose concentration in
plasma samples was determined by
deproteinizing .2 ml of plasma with 1.8 ml of
3% TCA and utilizing the coupled glucose
oxidase-peroxidase assay (Sigma kit number
510, St. Louis, MO). Urea N concentration in
plasma samples was determined by the Berthe
lot reaction assay (Sigma kit number 640). f3-
Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) was determined by
enzymatic assay of reduced NAD (NADH)
production (Sigma kit number 310-W. The
NEFA were determined by acyl-CoA
synthetase-acyl-CoA oxidase-peroxidase assay
P A C , WAKO Chemicals USA, Inc., Dallas,
TX).
Apparent Total Tract
Nutrient Dlgestlbllitles
Apparent total tract nutrient digestibilities
were determined during a 1O-d period between
d 56 and 84 postpartum. Cows were dosed
with chromic oxide at 12-h intervals, 10 g per
cow in a gelatin capsule via balling gun. Feed
samples were taken on d 4 through 8, orts were
taken on d 5 through 9, and fecal grab samples
(12-h intervals) were taken from d 6 through
10 of the 1O-d period. Feed and orts were
cornposited based on ea

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Lihat diskusi, statistik, dan penulis profil untuk publikasi ini di: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/21839520Suplementasi Diet sapi perah dengan kalsiumgaram dari asam lemak rantai panjang dan asam nikotinatdi awal menyusui.ARTIKEL dalam JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE · MEI 1992Dampak faktor: 2.55 · DOI: 10.3168/jds. 77852-7 S0022-0302 (92) · Sumber: PubMedKUTIPAN51MINGGUAN111PEMANDANGAN623 PENULIS, TERMASUK:Peter Scot EricksonUniversity of New Hampshire37 PUBLIKASI 338 KUTIPANLIHAT PROFILJimmy H ClarkUniversity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign133 PUBLIKASI 4,185 KUTIPANLIHAT PROFILTersedia dari: Jimmy H ClarkDiakses pada: 22 Juni 2015Suplementasi Diet susu sapi dengan garam kalsiumrantai panjang asam lemak dan asam nikotinatdi awal Lactation1P. S. ERICKSON? M. R. MURPHY? dan J. H. CLARKDepartemen hewan sdencesunhrersity dari niinolsUrbana 61801ABSTRAKEmpat puluh multiparous sapi Holstein yangditetapkan ke salah satu dari empat perawatan 15 dpascamelahirkan menurut hasil susu selamaWK 2 pascamelahirkan untuk memeriksaEfek melengkapi niasin, Ca garamfaUy rantai panjang asam, dan interaksi mereka.Perawatan yang kontrol, niasin(12 g/d), Ca garam dari lemak rantai panjangasam (3% dari diet DM), atau kombinasiniasin dan Ca garam. D 99pascamelahirkan, Semua sapi diberi kontrolpengobatan untuk 2 wk untuk mengevaluasi sisaefek. Susu dan FCM menghasilkan, darahplasma NEFA dan ~-hydmxybutyratekonsentrasi, dan jelas total saluranhemiselulosa kecernaan meningkat;persentase protein susu, susuSNF persentase, dan glukosa plasma darahkonsentrasi berkurangperawatan yang berisi sabun Ca. Niasinsuplementasi meningkat protein susukonten dan hasil, tetapi darah berkurangB-hydroxybutyrate Kadar plasma.Selama sisa peaiod, di mana semuasapi menerima perlakuan kontrol, susuhasil dan plasma NEFA konsentrasitetap tinggi, susu protein dan SNFkandungan tetap tertekan, dan susukandungan lemak berkurang untuk sapi previlong-asam lemak rantai. Me & ionine danously dilengkapi dengan ca garam dariMenerima 29 April 1991.Diterima Decembrr 6. 1991.lsnppoaed oleh JniImis Apsicnlhwl lkpakalt Stasiun@latch3 5-0371). Qmrch & Dwi @ CO, Inc. Caumod'~ emengedit corpaatian. dan Grad IncAlamat 2pzcSent: H05inanu--Inc. 340 KinpTanah Street, Nutley, NJ 07110.West Gregory Drive. urbma. IL 61801.% atau reprinto: 262 hewan scicncg laboratorium, 1207fenilalanin uptakes oleh payudarakelenjar yang enhand oleh suplementasi niasin.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa - ternak di awal laktasi menghasilkan lebihsusu ketika diet mereka telah ditambahdengan Ca sdts asam lemak rantai panjangdan bahwa suplementasi niasin meningkatkandungan protein susu dan hasil.(Kata kunci: lemak, niasin, awal laktasi)Singkatan kunci: BHBA = phydroxybutyrate,CAMP = siklik adenosinmonofosfat, CaS = Ca garam dari rantai panjangasam lemak, CaSN = Ca garam dari rantai panjangasam lemak dan asam nikotinat, CoA = koenzimNA, = asam nikotinat.INTRODUCTlONTanggapan suplementasi sapi perahDiet dengan lipid dilindungi telah variabel.Ketika lipid ploteded oleh enkapsulasi dalamformaldehida-tmxted protein diberi, susuhasil tidak increami, tapi hasil FCMditingkatkan karena i n d mi lk kandungan lemak(17, 27). Suplementasi Diet sapi perahdengan asam lemak rantai panjang prill belum meningkatsusu hasil (=, 29). Namun, suplementasi-sapi Diet dengan Ca garam dariasam lemak rantai panjang (CaS) telah meningkatsusu atau FCM hasil di beberapa (16, 30), tetapi tidakSemua, percobaan (25). Digestibilities nutriemt in vivoyang tidak biasanya berubah oleh Cas (25).Suplementasi asam nikotinat (NA) telahimpved susu hasil, mungkin karenapengurangan subklinis ketosis (8). Nicotinicasam juga telah meningkat susu protein persentase(12), dalam sintesa protein mikroba vim (13,28). dan ruminal di vivo cairan nomor protozoal(11). asam nikotinat memiliki r e d NEFACoLlcentratiOns dalam plasma nonruminants (4)dan ternak ruminansia (8). Modus tindakan di vivomungkin dengan menekan aktivitas adenyl1992 J 75:1W8 susu Sci-1089 1078LEMAK DAN NIASIN DALAM AWAL LAKTASI 1079TABLF! 1. bahan komposisi Diet secara DM.InQtedientPerawatan 'Kontrol NA cas CaSNAlfalfa grasJ haylageSilase jagungTinggi moistnre dikupas jagungkedelai dagingLimestomsodmm bicarbonattDicalcium pbospbatenatrium sulfatgaramMagnesium oksidaJejak mimtal dan Vitamin mh? CAS(%I35 .oo 35,0010,00 10,0038.26 38261350 13501,30 1,3075 7550 .so22 5220 2012 12.15. I50 035.0010,0035.4914.005375522220. I4. I53.0035.0010,0035.4914.005375522220.14.IS3.00~ ~~-~ ~ ~~~' Asam nikotinat (NA, 6gld) dengan 34g tepung kedelai dan log molase kering adalah topdressed ke TMRtwicesetiap hari. Sapi yang melakukan notreceiveNA recdved lbe soybeanmeal dan molase dua kali sehari. CAS = Ca garam dari rantai panjangmenambahkan lemak. CaSN = Ca garam dari rantai panjang asam Eany dan NA.& jum'atan andvitaminmixmtaining 10% S, 75% 9, 5% Mg, 3% ZO. 3% Mn, Fe 2%, 3% Ca. I32596 SAYA,. OM % Se,. 004% Co, 2,200,000 W/kg Vitrmin a, 660.000 W & vitamin d dan 7709 lU/kg vitamin E.cyclase (23) atau meningkatkan aktivitas siklikphosphodiesterase adenosin monofosfat (CAMP)dalam adipytes (2). Aktivasiadenyl cyclase dengan hormon mobil ^ merangsanghormonesensitive lipase, yang mengkatalisislipolisis. Jika acetylcoenzyme (CoA) membangunsampai di hati dalam jumlah catlzlot yang bereaksidengan oxaloace$ makan dalam siklus asam tricarboxylic,ketogenesis akan occuf.Suplementasi Diet dahy sapi denganlipid dapat mengurangi ketosis dengan melepaskan glukosaCaS dan NA dapat meningkatkan energi secara keseluruhanstatus sapi perah di awal menyusui. TbeTujuan dari experbent ini adalah untuk memeriksaefek dari Cas dan NA, dan mtemction mereka,pada hasil susu dan komposisi, metabolisme,jelas total saluran hara digestibilities,dan pemanfaatan M oleh menyusui payudarakelenjar(22). oleh karena itu, suplementasi Diet denganBAHAN DAN METODEEmpat puluh multiparous sapi Holstein ditugaskandalam desain yang benar-benar acakbaik kontrol, 12 g/d per sapi Na, Cas(dipasarkan sebagai Megalac @' oleh gereja & DwightCo, Inc, Princeton, NJ) 3% dari diet DM,atau kombinasi dari Cas dan NA (CaSN)beginnins pada postpamrm d 15. Semua sapimenerima kontrol diet dan 2,3 kg/d AlfalfaHay dari pamuition sampai d 7 pasca melahirkan danhanya kontrol diet dari d 8 d 14. KomposisiDiet ditunjukkan dalam tabel 1. Semua sapidiberi makan diet mereka masing-masing untuk libitum iklanAku n w. Asam nikotinat (6 gram) adalah top-dressed disuplemen terdiri dari 34 g kedelaiing (1100 dan 1800 h). Sapi tidak menerima NAdiberi hanya 34 g tepung kedelai dan 10g kering molase pada setiap makan. Sapidiperah di O600 dan 1700 h dan diperbolehkanuntuk latihan dari O900 untuk 1100 h setiap hari. Sapimenerima perawatan mereka masing-masing dari d 15menjadi 98 pascamelahirkan (pengobatan masa) danberalih kembali ke kontrol pengobatan fmm d99 untuk 112 (sisa masa). NA tidak maupunsuplemen adalah topdressed selama sisamod. Sisa masa itu digunakan untukdermine Apakah ada carry-over apapunefek dari pengobatan sebelumnya. Susu harianhasil ini dipantau seluruh percobaan.Milk samples were taken at both thea.m. and p.m. milkings on d 7, 9, 11, and 13postpartum and on Monday p.m and Tuesdayam. milkings each week during the experiment,composited by milk yield at the am. andp.m. milkings, preserved with potassiumdichromate, and stored at 4'C. Milk fat andprotein were determined by infr;lred analysesJotanal of Dairy Science Vol. 75, No. 4, 1992meal and 10 g of dried molasses at each feed1080ERICKSON ET AL.(Dairy Lab Services, Inc., Dubuque, IA) andSNF according to Golding (10). Feed sampleswere taken weekly for DM determination bydrying at 105'C for 24 h and pooled monthlyfor analysis of DM, NDF, ADF, CP, minerals,and estimation of NEL by the Northeast DHICooperative Forage testing laboratory (Ithaca,NY). As-fed weights of forage and concentratewere adjusted weekly based on the DM contentof feeds.Cows were weighed every Wednesday afterthe am. milking during the experiment.Weekly BW were adjusted by using a threepointlinear smoothing formula (24). Bodyweight change was determined on thesmoothed values by subtracting the lattersmoothed BW from the former smoothed BW.Body weight change was not evaluated duringthe residual period. Body condition scoreswere determined using whole numbers between 1 (thin) and 5 (obese). Cows werescored independently by the primary authorand another person every 14 d.Blood Plasma ConstltuentsEach Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at1330 h, 10 ml of blood were taken from thecoccygeal vein and placed in icecold,heparinized tubes. Samples were centrifuged at4OOO x g for 10 min, and the plasma wasretained. Aliquots (1.5 ml) of plasma fromeach sample day were pooled by week andstored at -2o'C. Glucose concentration inplasma samples was determined bydeproteinizing .2 ml of plasma with 1.8 ml of3% TCA and utilizing the coupled glucoseoxidase-peroxidase assay (Sigma kit number510, St. Louis, MO). Urea N concentration inplasma samples was determined by the Berthelot reaction assay (Sigma kit number 640). f3-Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) was determined byenzymatic assay of reduced NAD (NADH)production (Sigma kit number 310-W. TheNEFA were determined by acyl-CoAsynthetase-acyl-CoA oxidase-peroxidase assayP A C , WAKO Chemicals USA, Inc., Dallas,TX).Apparent Total TractNutrient DlgestlbllitlesApparent total tract nutrient digestibilitieswere determined during a 1O-d period betweend 56 and 84 postpartum. Cows were dosedwith chromic oxide at 12-h intervals, 10 g percow in a gelatin capsule via balling gun. Feedsamples were taken on d 4 through 8, orts weretaken on d 5 through 9, and fecal grab samples(12-h intervals) were taken from d 6 through10 of the 1O-d period. Feed and orts werecornposited based on ea

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Lihat diskusi, statistik, dan profil penulis untuk publikasi ini: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/21839520
Suplementasi diet sapi perah dengan kalsium
garam dari asam lemak rantai panjang dan asam nikotinat
pada awal laktasi.
PASAL di JURNAL OF DAIRY ILMU · Mei 1992
Faktor Dampak: 2,55 · DOI: 10,3168 / jds.S0022-0302 (92) 77852-7 · Sumber: PubMed
kutipan
51
DOWNLOADS
111
VIEWS
62
3 PENULIS, TERMASUK:
Peter Scot Erickson
University of New Hampshire
37 PUBLIKASI 338 Kutipan
MELIHAT PROFIL
Jimmy H Clark
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
133 PUBLIKASI 4.185 kutipan
MELIHAT PROFIL
Tersedia dari: Jimmy H Clark
Diperoleh pada: 22 Juni 2015
Suplementasi Diet Sapi Perah dengan Garam kalsium
dari panjang rantai Asam Lemak dan Asam nikotinat
di Awal Lactation1
P. S. ERICKSON? MR MURPHY? dan JH CLARK
Departemen Hewan sdences
unhrersity dari niinols
Urbana 61801
ABSTRAK
Empat puluh multipara sapi Holstein yang
ditugaskan untuk salah satu dari empat perlakuan 15 d
postpartum menurut produksi susu selama
wk 2 postpartum untuk memeriksa
efek dari suplementasi niacin, garam Ca
rantai panjang faUy asam, dan interaksi mereka.
Perawatan yang kontrol, niacin
(12 g / d), garam Ca dari lemak rantai panjang
asam (3% dari DM makanan), atau kombinasi
dari niacin dan garam Ca. Pada d 99
postpartum, semua sapi diberi makan kontrol
pengobatan untuk 2 minggu untuk mengevaluasi sisa
efek. Susu dan FCM hasil, darah
NEFA plasma dan ~ -hydmxybutyrate
konsentrasi, dan jelas jumlah saluran
cerna hemiselulosa meningkat;
persentase protein susu, susu
persentase SNF, dan glukosa plasma darah
konsentrasi berkurang
perawatan yang mengandung sabun Ca. Niacin
suplemen peningkatan protein susu
konten dan hasil tetapi mengurangi darah
konsentrasi plasma-B hidroksibutirat.
Selama peaiod sisa, di mana semua
sapi menerima perlakuan kontrol, susu
hasil dan konsentrasi NEFA plasma
tetap meningkat, protein susu dan SNF
isinya tetap tertekan, dan susu
kadar lemak berkurang untuk sapi previlong-
asam lemak rantai. Me & ionine dan
menerus ditambah dengan garam ca dari
Diterima 29 April 1991.
Diterima Decembrr 6. 1991.
lsnppoaed oleh stasiun lkpakalt JniImis Apsicnlhwl
@ latch3 5-0371). Qmrch & Dwi @ CO, Inc .. Caumod '~ e
mengedit corpaatian. dan Grad Inc
alamat 2pzcSent: H05inanu-- Inc .. 340 Kinp
tanah Street, Nutley, NJ 07110.
Barat Gregory Drive. urbma. IL 61801.
% atau reprinto: 262 Hewan scicncg Laboratorium, 1207
fenilalanin uptakes dengan susu
kelenjar yang enhand oleh suplemen niacin.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa - sapi di awal laktasi menghasilkan lebih
susu ketika diet mereka dilengkapi
dengan Ca SDTS asam lemak rantai panjang
dan bahwa suplementasi niasin peningkatan
kadar protein susu dan hasil.
(Kata kunci: lemak, niacin, awal laktasi)
kunci Singkatan: BHBA = phydroxybutyrate,
CAMP = siklik adenosin
monofosfat, garam Cas = Ca dari rantai panjang
asam lemak, garam casn = Ca rantai panjang
asam lemak dan asam nikotinat, CoA = koenzim
A, NA = asam nikotinat.
INTRODUCTlON
Responses to suplementasi susu sapi
diet dengan lemak yang dilindungi telah variabel.
Ketika lipid ploteded oleh enkapsulasi dalam
protein formalin-tmxted diberi makan, susu
hasil tidak increami, tapi FCM hasil yang
membaik karena ind mi lk kadar lemak
(17, 27). Suplementasi diet sapi perah
dengan asam lemak rantai panjang prilled tidak meningkat
susu hasil (=, 29). Namun, suplemen
dari - sapi diet dengan garam Ca dari
asam lemak rantai panjang (CAS) telah meningkat
susu atau FCM hasil di beberapa (16, 30), tetapi tidak
semua, percobaan (25). In vivo dicernakan nutriemt
biasanya tidak diubah oleh Cas (25).
asam nikotinat (NA) suplementasi telah
impved produksi susu, mungkin karena
pengurangan ketosis subklinis (8). Nikotinat
asam juga meningkat persentase protein susu
(12), di vim mikroba sintesis protein (13,
28). dan di rumen nomor protozoa cairan vivo
(11). Asam nikotinat memiliki redd NEFA
CoLlcentratiOns dalam plasma dari nonruminants (4)
dan ruminansia (8). Modus kerjanya in vivo
mungkin dengan menekan aktivitas adenyl
1992 J Dairy Sci 75: 1W8-1089 1078
FAT DAN niacin DI AWAL LAKTASI 1079
TABLF! 1. Komposisi bahan diet secara DM.
InQtedient
Pengobatan '
Kontrol NA cas casn
Alfalfa grasJ haylage
Jagung silase
Tinggi moistnre dikupas jagung
daging kedelai
Limestom
sodmm bicarbonatt
dikalsium pbospbate
natrium sulfat
garam
Magnesium oksida
Jejak mimtal dan Vitamin mh? cas
(% saya
35 .oo 35.00
10.00 10.00
38,26 3826
1350 1350
1,30 1,30
0,75 0,75
50 .so
22 52
20 20
.12 .12
.15 .I5
0 0
35.00
10.00
35,49
14,00
53
75
52
22
20
.I4
. I5
3 .00
35.00
10.00
35,49
14,00
53
75
52
22
20
.14
.is
3,00
~ ~~ - ~ ~ ~~~
'asam nikotinat (NA, 6gld) dengan 34g dari tepung kedelai dan log molase kering topdressed ke TMRtwice
harian. Sapi yang melakukan notreceiveNA recdved lbe bungkil kedelaiterproteksi dan molase dua kali sehari. garam Cas = Ca rantai panjang
lemak menambahkan. casn = Ca garam dari rantai panjang eany asam dan NA.
& minerat andvitaminmixmtaining 10% S, 75% 9, 5% Mg, 3% ZO. 3% Mn, 2% Fe, 3% Ca. .I32596 saya,
om% Se, 0,004% Co, 2.200.000 W / kg Vitrmin A, 660.000 W & vitamin D, dan 7709 IU / kg vitamin E.
cyclase (23) atau meningkatkan aktivitas siklik
adenosin monofosfat (CAMP) phosphodiesterase
di adipytes (2). Aktivasi
adenyl cyclase oleh hormon mobil ^ merangsang
lipase hormonesensitive, yang mengkatalisis
lipolisis. Jika acetylcoenzyme A (CoA) membangun
di hati dalam jumlah yang catlzlot bereaksi
dengan oxaloace $ makan dalam siklus asam trikarboksilat,
ketogenesis akan occuf.
Suplementasi dahy diet sapi dengan
lipid dapat mengurangi ketosis dengan hemat glukosa
Cas dan NA dapat meningkatkan energi secara keseluruhan
status sapi perah di awal laktasi. Tbe
tujuan experbent ini adalah untuk menguji
efek dari Cas dan NA, dan mtemction mereka,
pada produksi susu dan komposisi, metabolisme,
jelas jumlah dicernakan gizi saluran,
dan pemanfaatan M oleh susu menyusui
kelenjar
(22). Oleh karena itu, suplementasi diet dengan
BAHAN DAN METODE
Empat puluh multipara sapi Holstein ditugaskan
dalam rancangan acak lengkap untuk
baik kontrol, 12 g / d per ekor dari NA, Cas
(dipasarkan sebagai Megalac @ 'oleh Gereja & Dwight
Co, Inc, Princeton, NJ) sebesar 3% dari DM makanan,
atau kombinasi dari Cas dan NA (casn)
beginnins di d 15 postpamrm. Semua sapi
menerima diet kontrol dan 2,3 kg / d alfalfa
jerami dari pamuition sampai d 7 postpartum dan
hanya diet kontrol dari d 8 ke d 14. Komposisi
diet ditunjukkan pada Tabel 1. Semua sapi
diberi makan diet masing-masing untuk iklan libitum
i nw. Asam nikotinat (6 g) atas mengenakan
suplemen yang terdiri dari 34 g kedelai
ing (1100 dan 1800 h). Sapi tidak menerima NA
diberi makan hanya 34 g tepung kedelai dan 10
g molase dikeringkan pada setiap makan. Sapi
yang diperah di O600 dan 1700 h dan memungkinkan
untuk latihan dari O900 sampai 1100 h setiap hari. Sapi
menerima perawatan masing-masing dari d 15
ke 98 setelah melahirkan (masa pengobatan) dan
beralih kembali ke perlakuan kontrol FMM d
99-112 (periode sisa). Baik NA maupun
suplemen yang topdressed selama sisa
mod. Periode sisa itu digunakan untuk
dermine apakah ada carry-over
efek dari pengobatan sebelumnya. Harian susu
hasil dipantau seluruh percobaan.
Sampel susu yang diambil baik di
pagi dan pm milkings pada d 7, 9, 11, dan 13
postpartum dan pada hari Senin sore dan Selasa
pagi. milkings setiap minggu selama percobaan,
composited oleh produksi susu di pagi. dan
sore milkings, diawetkan dengan kalium
dikromat, dan disimpan di 4'C. Lemak susu dan
protein ditentukan oleh infr; lred analisis
Jotanal of Dairy Science Vol. 75, No 4, 1992
makan dan 10 g molase dikeringkan pada setiap feed1080
ERICKSON ET AL.
(Dairy Lab Services, Inc., Dubuque, IA) dan
SNF menurut Golding (10). Sampel pakan
diambil mingguan untuk penentuan DM oleh
pengeringan pada 105'C selama 24 jam dan dikumpulkan bulanan
untuk analisis DM, NDF, ADF, CP, mineral,
dan estimasi NEL oleh Northeast DHI
pengujian laboratorium Koperasi Forage (Ithaca,
NY) . As-makan berat dari hijauan dan konsentrat
disesuaikan mingguan berdasarkan isi DM
feed.
Sapi ditimbang setiap hari Rabu setelah
pagi. memerah selama percobaan.
Weekly BW disesuaikan dengan menggunakan threepoint
rumus linear smoothing (24). Tubuh
perubahan berat ditentukan pada
nilai-nilai merapikan dengan mengurangkan kedua
merapikan BW dari mantan merapikan BW.
perubahan tubuh berat badan tidak dievaluasi selama
periode sisa. Skor kondisi tubuh
yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan bilangan bulat menjadi
tween 1 (tipis) dan 5 (obesitas). Sapi yang
mencetak secara independen oleh penulis utama
dan orang lain setiap 14 d.
Darah Plasma Constltuents
Setiap Senin, Rabu, dan Jumat di
1330 h, 10 ml darah diambil dari
vena coccygeal dan ditempatkan di icecold,
tabung heparinized. Sampel disentrifugasi pada
4OOO xg selama 10 menit, dan plasma itu
dipertahankan. Aliquot (1,5 ml) dari plasma dari
setiap hari sampel dikumpulkan oleh minggu dan
disimpan di -2o'C. Konsentrasi glukosa dalam
sampel plasma ditentukan oleh
deproteinizing 0,2 ml plasma dengan 1,8 ml
3% TCA dan memanfaatkan glukosa ditambah
oksidase-peroksidase assay (Sigma kit nomor
510, St. Louis, MO). Urea konsentrasi N di
sampel plasma ditentukan oleh Berthe
uji reaksi banyak (Sigma kit nomor 640). f3-
hidroksibutirat (BHBA) ditentukan oleh
uji enzimatik berkurang NAD (NADH)
produksi (Sigma jumlah kit 310-W. Para
NEFA ditentukan oleh asil-CoA
sintetase-asil-CoA oksidase-peroksidase uji
P AC, Wako Chemicals USA, Inc, Dallas,
TX).
Jelas Jumlah Saluran
Gizi Dlgestlbllitles
semu Total dicernakan nutrisi saluran
ditentukan selama periode 1O-d antara
d 56 dan 84 postpartum. Sapi yang tertutup
dengan oksida kromat pada interval 12-jam, 10 g per
sapi dalam kapsul gelatin melalui gun balling. Pakan
sampel diambil pada d 4 sampai 8, orts yang
diambil pada d 5 sampai 9, dan ambil sampel tinja
(interval 12-h) diambil dari d 6 sampai
10 dari periode 1O-d. Pakan dan orts yang
cornposited berdasarkan ea