Urine samples are easily attainable

Urine samples are easily attainable which makes them ideal substrates for biomarker research. Various techniques have been employed to unravel the
urine proteome and identify disease biomarkers. Even though the presence of high abundance proteins in urine is
not so pronounced as in the case of plasma, the presence of proteolytic products, many of which at low abundance, along with numerous frequently random chemical modifications, makes the analysis of urinary proteins challenging. To facilitate the detection of low abundance urinary proteins, in the study presented herein we applied two different electrophoretic techniques, preparative Lithium Dodecyl Sulfate (LDS)-PAGE in combination with
2-DE for urinary protein separation and enrichment. Our results indicate the effectiveness of this approach for the
enrichment of low abundance and low molecular weight proteins and peptides in urine, and contribute towards the
establishment of a urinary proteomic database. The application of this technique as a biomarker discovery tool
faces several challenges: these include down-scaling of the technique, possible recompensation for the consequent
expected decrease in protein resolution, by optimizing steps of the experimental workflow as well as getting a
good understanding of the technical variability of the technique. Under these conditions, preparative electrophoresis can become an effective tool for clinical proteomics appli cations.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Sampel urin mudah dicapai yang membuat mereka ideal substrat untuk penelitian biomarker. Berbagai teknik telah digunakan untuk mengungkapproteome urin dan mengidentifikasi penyakit biomarker. Meskipun kehadiran yang tinggi protein dalam urintidak begitu diucapkan seperti dalam kasus plasma, kehadiran proteolitik produk, banyak di antaranya di kelimpahan rendah, bersama dengan banyak modifikasi kimia sering acak, membuat analisis protein urin menantang. Untuk memfasilitasi deteksi rendah kelimpahan protein urin, dalam penelitian yang dipresentasikan sini kami diterapkan dua electrophoretic teknik yang berbeda, persediaan Lithium lauryl sulfat (LDS)-HALAMAN dalam kombinasi dengan2-DE untuk pemisahan protein urin dan pengayaan. Hasil kami menunjukkan efektivitas pendekatan ini untukpengayaan rendah kelimpahan dan berat molekul rendah protein dan peptida dalam urin, dan memberikan kontribusi terhadappembentukan database proteomika kemih. Aplikasi dari teknik ini sebagai alat penemuan biomarkermenghadapi beberapa tantangan: ini termasuk scaling turun teknik, mungkin recompensation untuk konsekuendiharapkan penurunan resolusi protein, mengoptimalkan langkah alur kerja percobaan serta mendapatkanpemahaman yang baik tentang variabilitas teknis dari teknik. Di bawah kondisi ini, persediaan Elektroforesis dapat menjadi alat yang efektif untuk aplikasi klinis proteomik kation.