Contributors vs. Non contributors Suppose that some people contributem terjemahan - Contributors vs. Non contributors Suppose that some people contributem Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Contributors vs. Non contributors S

Contributors vs. Non contributors Suppose that some people contribute
more for public goods than others, either because they are richer or because
they have a stronger preference for the public good. In the extreme case, suppose
that Ben contributes $20 to buy 20 fireworks, and Jerry contributes
nothing, because Ben likes fireworks more than Jerry or because he is richer
than Jerry. This is still below the social optimum of 30 fireworks, however.
Now, suppose that the government charges Ben and Jerry each $5 for firework
contributions and then provides 10 fireworks in an attempt to bring the
number of fireworks to the socially optimal level of 30. Jerry now spends $5
more on fireworks, since he was providing nothing before. Ben, on the other
hand, will not reduce his firework consumption by the full $10 (to offset government
provision). Ben has effectively been made better off: there are 10
more fireworks that only cost him $5 in government -mandated contributions,
rather than the $10 he would have spent if he’d bought those 10 fireworks.
This increase in Ben’s effective wealth (the value of fireworks plus the value of
other goods he can purchase) has a positive income effect on Ben’s purchase of
fireworks, so government intervention will not fully crowd out his spending.
The total number of fireworks will rise above 20. By forcing Jerry to become a
contributor, the government has increased total public goods provision.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
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Contributors vs. Non contributors Suppose that some people contributemore for public goods than others, either because they are richer or becausethey have a stronger preference for the public good. In the extreme case, supposethat Ben contributes $20 to buy 20 fireworks, and Jerry contributesnothing, because Ben likes fireworks more than Jerry or because he is richerthan Jerry. This is still below the social optimum of 30 fireworks, however.Now, suppose that the government charges Ben and Jerry each $5 for fireworkcontributions and then provides 10 fireworks in an attempt to bring thenumber of fireworks to the socially optimal level of 30. Jerry now spends $5more on fireworks, since he was providing nothing before. Ben, on the otherhand, will not reduce his firework consumption by the full $10 (to offset governmentprovision). Ben has effectively been made better off: there are 10more fireworks that only cost him $5 in government -mandated contributions,rather than the $10 he would have spent if he’d bought those 10 fireworks.This increase in Ben’s effective wealth (the value of fireworks plus the value ofother goods he can purchase) has a positive income effect on Ben’s purchase offireworks, so government intervention will not fully crowd out his spending.The total number of fireworks will rise above 20. By forcing Jerry to become acontributor, the government has increased total public goods provision.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Kontributor vs Non kontributor Misalkan beberapa orang berkontribusi
lebih untuk barang-barang publik daripada yang lain, baik karena mereka lebih kaya atau karena
mereka memiliki preferensi kuat untuk kebaikan publik. Dalam kasus ekstrim, misalkan
bahwa Ben kontribusi $ 20 untuk membeli 20 kembang api, dan Jerry kontribusi
apa-apa, karena Ben suka kembang api lebih dari Jerry atau karena dia lebih kaya
dari Jerry. Ini masih di bawah optimum sosial 30 kembang api, namun.
Sekarang, anggaplah bahwa pemerintah biaya Ben dan Jerry masing-masing $ 5 untuk kembang api
kontribusi dan kemudian memberikan 10 kembang api dalam upaya untuk membawa
jumlah kembang api ke tingkat optimal secara sosial dari 30. Jerry sekarang menghabiskan $ 5
lebih pada kembang api, karena ia memberikan apa-apa sebelumnya. Ben, di sisi lain
tangan, tidak akan mengurangi konsumsi kembang api itu dengan penuh $ 10 (untuk mengimbangi pemerintah
penyediaan). Ben telah efektif telah dibuat lebih baik: ada 10
kembang api lagi yang hanya dia biaya $ 5 di pemerintah -mandated
kontribusi,. Bukannya $ 10 ia akan menghabiskan jika ia membeli mereka 10 kembang api
Peningkatan kekayaan efektif Ben (nilai kembang api ditambah nilai
barang lain ia dapat membeli) memiliki efek pendapatan positif pada pembelian Ben dari
kembang api, sehingga intervensi pemerintah tidak akan sepenuhnya mendesak keluar belanja nya.
Jumlah total kembang api akan naik di atas 20. Dengan memaksa Jerry untuk menjadi
kontributor, pemerintah telah meningkatkan total penyediaan barang publik.
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