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The field of education has been mor

The field of education has been more cautious than the private sector about adopting alternative pay arrangements. The forms of alternative compensation used most widely in schools are merit pay, incentive pay, and career ladders. These plans are described in detail here.
Taxpayers are in favor of providing differentiated pay for teachers. In their
report entitled Time for Results, the National Governors Association recommended developing compensation plansthat would recognize differences in function, competence, and performance of teachers (Alexander, 1986). However, taxpayers and politicians often are not aware of the difficulties involved in implementing alternat ive pay plans.
There is confusion regarding terminology in discussions of alternative pay plans. Terms such as pay-for-performance, incentive pay, merit pay, and career ladder are used interchangeably and without precision in the media. The terms to be used in this chapter will be defined by reference to features that differentiate them from other types of compensation plans. You should be aware that the descriptions given here are pure types and that in practice a particular plan may incorporate features of two or even three of these types

Merit Pay
Merit pay is a form of compensation that pays individuals on the basis of their perf ormance on the job. Merit pay awards in education are usually based on perform ance ratings by principals and may be gven either as a one-time bonus or as a salary increase for a specified period of time (American Association of School Administtators, 1983a),
Merit pay was widely adopted in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s but its use faded when districts converted to single salary schedules. A 1978 survey showed that about 4 percent of districts had merit pay plans in effect for teachers and that another 4.7 percent were considering instituting such plans (Thornton, 1986). Jacobson (1996) argued that the reason that merit pay has not been more succ essful in the United States is because it exacerbates the conflict between closely held val.ues about teaching. He believes that teachers are responsive to monetary incentives such as those offered by merit pay, even though they profess to have chos en teaching out of altruistic motives. Jacobson suggests that the contradiction between teachers’ stated values and their behavior creates dissonance that ultim ately sabotages merit pay programs.
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The field of education has been more cautious than the private sector about adopting alternative pay arrangements. The forms of alternative compensation used most widely in schools are merit pay, incentive pay, and career ladders. These plans are described in detail here.
Taxpayers are in favor of providing differentiated pay for teachers. In their
report entitled Time for Results, the National Governors Association recommended developing compensation plansthat would recognize differences in function, competence, and performance of teachers (Alexander, 1986). However, taxpayers and politicians often are not aware of the difficulties involved in implementing alternat ive pay plans.
There is confusion regarding terminology in discussions of alternative pay plans. Terms such as pay-for-performance, incentive pay, merit pay, and career ladder are used interchangeably and without precision in the media. The terms to be used in this chapter will be defined by reference to features that differentiate them from other types of compensation plans. You should be aware that the descriptions given here are pure types and that in practice a particular plan may incorporate features of two or even three of these types

Merit Pay
Merit pay is a form of compensation that pays individuals on the basis of their perf ormance on the job. Merit pay awards in education are usually based on perform ance ratings by principals and may be gven either as a one-time bonus or as a salary increase for a specified period of time (American Association of School Administtators, 1983a),
Merit pay was widely adopted in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s but its use faded when districts converted to single salary schedules. A 1978 survey showed that about 4 percent of districts had merit pay plans in effect for teachers and that another 4.7 percent were considering instituting such plans (Thornton, 1986). Jacobson (1996) argued that the reason that merit pay has not been more succ essful in the United States is because it exacerbates the conflict between closely held val.ues about teaching. He believes that teachers are responsive to monetary incentives such as those offered by merit pay, even though they profess to have chos en teaching out of altruistic motives. Jacobson suggests that the contradiction between teachers’ stated values and their behavior creates dissonance that ultim ately sabotages merit pay programs.
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Bidang pendidikan telah lebih berhati-hati dari sektor swasta mengadopsi pengaturan gaji alternatif. Bentuk-bentuk kompensasi alternatif yang digunakan paling banyak di sekolah yang membayar jasa, upah insentif, dan tangga karir. Rencana ini dijelaskan secara rinci di sini.
Wajib Pajak yang mendukung memberikan gaji dibedakan bagi guru. Dalam mereka
laporan berjudul Waktu untuk Hasil, Asosiasi Gubernur Nasional dianjurkan mengembangkan kompensasi plansthat akan mengenali perbedaan fungsi, kompetensi, dan kinerja guru (Alexander, 1986). Namun, pembayar pajak dan politisi seringkali tidak menyadari kesulitan yang terlibat dalam melaksanakan alternat rencana ive membayar.
Ada kebingungan tentang terminologi dalam diskusi rencana membayar alternatif. Istilah-istilah seperti bayar-untuk-kinerja, insentif gaji, membayar jasa, dan jenjang karir yang digunakan secara bergantian dan tanpa presisi di media. Istilah yang digunakan dalam bab ini akan ditentukan dengan mengacu pada fitur yang membedakan mereka dari jenis lain dari rencana kompensasi. Anda harus menyadari bahwa deskripsi yang diberikan di sini adalah jenis murni dan yang dalam prakteknya rencana tertentu mungkin menggabungkan fitur dari dua atau bahkan tiga dari jenis Merit Pay Merit pay merupakan bentuk kompensasi yang membayar individu atas dasar dari Perf mereka ormance di pekerjaan. Penghargaan Merit membayar dalam pendidikan biasanya didasarkan pada melakukan penilaian Ance oleh kepala sekolah dan dapat gven baik sebagai bonus satu kali atau sebagai kenaikan gaji untuk jangka waktu tertentu (American Association of Sekolah Administtators, 1983a), Merit membayar secara luas diadopsi di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1920-an dan 1930-an namun penggunaannya memudar ketika kabupaten dikonversi ke jadwal gaji tunggal. Sebuah survei 1978 menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 4 persen dari kabupaten memiliki rencana membayar jasa berlaku untuk guru dan 4,7 persen lain sedang mempertimbangkan melembagakan rencana tersebut (Thornton, 1986). Jacobson (1996) berpendapat bahwa alasan yang membayar jasa belum lebih succ essful di Amerika Serikat adalah karena memperburuk konflik antara val.ues dipegang tentang mengajar. Ia percaya bahwa guru responsif terhadap insentif moneter seperti yang ditawarkan oleh jasa membayar, meskipun mereka mengaku memiliki chos en mengajar dari motif altruistik. Jacobson menunjukkan bahwa kontradiksi antara lain nilai-nilai guru dan perilaku mereka menciptakan disonansi yang Ultim dalamnya luar biasa menyabot program membayar jasa.




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