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The MSABR introduced KPIs regulation in 2007. This regulation requires outcome indicators atthe local government level. Local governments must set KPIs such as activity indicators of inputs,outputs, outcomes, benefits and impacts. However, some local governments have difficulties linkinginput with output and distinguishing between output and outcome (Dendi, 2010). The outcomes, benefitsand impacts, which are more difficult to be measured, are not identified well. Municipal governmentsusually use more output (efficiency) than outcome measures (Chan, 2004; Kugonza et al., 2012; Poister& Streib, 1999; Pollanen, 2005).
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