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Flat endfaces like the one shown in Figure 26.15 will always have some polishing irregularities; they will never be perfectly flat across. When two precision flat metal pieces such as the head and cylinder block of a car engine are brought together, a gasket is required. The gasket fills the small voids between the head and engine block, compensating for the irregularities of the metal surfaces. Without the gasket, the car would not run properly.The slightest variation in the flat endface surface will keep the fiber ends far enough apart to cause end separation loss due to Fresnel reflection. In addition, some of the reflected light may return down the core of the optical fiber to the transmitter as return reflection or back reflection, which can interfere with the operation of the light source. Light interference is discussed in detail in Chapter 27.
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