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Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
Consider for example the flow of gas through a pipeline. If the states and thermodynamic properties of the gas entering and leaving the pipeline are known, then application of the first law establishes the magnitude of the energy exchange with the surroundings of the pipeline. The mechanism of the process, the details of flow, and the state path actually followed by the fluid between entrance and exit are not pertinent to this calculation. On the other hand, if one has only incomplete knowledge of the initial or final state of the gas, then more detailed information about the process is needed before any calculations are made. For example, the exit pressure of the gas may not be specified. In this case, one must apply the momentum principle of fluid mechanics, and this requires an empirical or theoretical expression for the shear stress at the pipe wall.
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