As far as is known, all RNA transcripts of mtDNA and theirtranslation  terjemahan - As far as is known, all RNA transcripts of mtDNA and theirtranslation  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

As far as is known, all RNA transcr

As far as is known, all RNA transcripts of mtDNA and their
translation products remain in the mitochondrion, and all
mtDNA-encoded proteins are synthesized on mitochondrial
ribosomes. Mitochondria encode the rRNAs that form mitochondrial ribosomes, although all but one or two of the ribosomal proteins (depending on the species) are imported
from the cytosol. In most eukaryotes, all the tRNAs used for
protein synthesis in mitochondria are encoded by mtDNAs.
However, in wheat, in the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma
brucei(the cause of African sleeping sickness), and in ciliated protozoans, most mitochondrial tRNAs are encoded by the
nuclear DNA and imported into the mitochondrion.
Reflecting the bacterial ancestry of mitochondria,
mitochondrial ribosomes resemble bacterial ribosomes and differ from eukaryotic cytosolic ribosomes in their RNA and protein compositions, their size, and
their sensitivity to certain antibiotics (see Figure 4-24). For instance, chloramphenicol blocks protein synthesis by bacterial and mitochondrial ribosomes from most organisms, but
cycloheximide does not. This sensitivity of mitochondrial ribosomes to the important aminoglycoside class of antibiotics
is the main cause of the toxicity that these antibiotics can
cause. Conversely, cytosolic ribosomes are sensitive to cycloheximide and resistant to chloramphenicol. In cultured mammalian cells the only proteins synthesized in the presence of
cycloheximide are encoded by mtDNA and produced by mitochondrial ribosomes.
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Sejauh yang diketahui, Semua RNA transkrip mtDNA dan merekaterjemahan produk tetap dalam mitokondria, dan semuamtDNA-dikodekan protein disintesis di mitokondriaribosom. Mitokondria menyandikan rRNAs yang membentuk ribosom mitokondria, meskipun semua tapi satu atau dua protein ribosomal (tergantung pada jenis) yang diimpordari sitosol. Dalam kebanyakan bersel satu, Semua tRNAs digunakan untuksintesis protein dalam mitokondria dikodekan oleh Mozabit.Namun, dalam gandum, di protozoa parasit Trypanosomabrucei (penyebab penyakit tidur Afrika), dan di bersilia protozoans, tRNAs paling mitokondria dikodekan olehnuklir DNA dan diimpor ke mitokondria. Mencerminkan keturunan bakteri mitokondria,mitokondria ribosom menyerupai bakteri ribosom dan berbeda dari eukariotik aktif denganrasio ribosom pada komposisi mereka RNA dan protein, ukuran mereka, danmereka kepekaan terhadap antibiotik tertentu (Lihat gambar 4-24). Sebagai contoh, kloramfenikol blok sintesis protein oleh bakteri dan mitokondria ribosom dari kebanyakan organisme, tetapicycloheximide tidak. Ini kepekaan mitokondria ribosom penting aminoglycoside kelas antibiotikadalah penyebab utama dari toksisitas yang antibiotik ini dapatpenyebab. Sebaliknya, ribosom aktif denganrasio sensitif terhadap cycloheximide dan tahan terhadap kloramfenikol. Dalam sel mamalia berbudaya protein hanya disintesis dari presencecycloheximide dikodekan oleh mtDNA dan diproduksi oleh mitokondria ribosom.
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