6.3 million children under the age

6.3 million children under the age of five died in 2013.
More than half of these early child deaths are due to conditions that could be prevented or treated with access to simple, affordable interventions.
Leading causes of death in under-five children are preterm birth complications, pneumonia, birth asphyxia, diarrhoea and malaria. About 45% of all child deaths are linked to malnutrition.
Children in sub-Saharan Africa are more than 15 times more likely to die before the age of five than children in developed regions.

A child's risk of dying is highest in the neonatal period, the first 28 days of life. Safe childbirth and effective neonatal care are essential to prevent these deaths. 44% of child deaths under the age of five take place during the neonatal period.

Preterm birth, intrapartum-related complications (birth asphyxia or lack of breathing at birth), and infections cause most neonatal deaths. From the end of the neonatal period and through the first five years of life, the main causes of death are pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria. Malnutrition is the underlying contributing factor in about 45% of all child deaths, making children more vulnerable to severe diseases.

Overall, substantial progress has been made towards achieving Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4. Since 1990 the global under-five mortality rate has dropped from 90 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 46 in 2013. But the rate of this reduction in under-five mortality is still insufficient to reach the MDG target of a two-thirds reduction of 1990 mortality levels by the year 2015.
Who is most at risk?
Newborns

Nearly 3 million babies die every year in their first month of life and a similar number are stillborn. Within the first month, up to one half of all deaths occur within the first 24 hours of life, and 75% occur in the first week. The 48 hours immediately following birth is the most crucial period for newborn survival. This is when the mother and child should receive follow-up care to prevent and treat illness.

Prior to birth, the mother can increase her child's chance of survival and good health by attending antenatal care consultations, being immunized against tetanus, and avoiding smoking and use of alcohol.

At the time of birth, a baby's chance of survival increases significantly with delivery in a health facility in the presence of a skilled birth attendant. After birth, essential care of a newborn should include:

ensuring that the baby is breathing;
starting the newborn on exclusive breastfeeding right away;
keeping the baby warm; and
washing hands before touching the baby.

Identifying and caring for illnesses in a newborn is very important, as a baby can become very ill and die quickly if an illness is not recognized and treated appropriately. Sick babies must be taken immediately to a trained health care provider.
Children under the age of five

Under-five deaths are increasingly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, while the proportion in the rest of the world dropped from 32% in 1990 to 18% in 2013.

Children in sub-Saharan Africa are more than 15 times more likely to die before the age of five than children in developed regions. About half of under-five deaths occur in only five countries: China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. India (21%) and Nigeria (13%) together account for more than a third of all under-five deaths.

Children are at greater risk of dying before age five if they are born in rural areas, poor households, or to a mother denied basic education.

More than half of under-five child deaths are due to diseases that are preventable and treatable through simple, affordable interventions. Strengthening health systems to provide such interventions to all children will save many young lives.

Malnourished children, particularly those with severe acute malnutrition, have a higher risk of death from common childhood illness such as diarrhoea, pneumonia, and malaria. Nutrition-related factors contribute to about 45% of deaths in children under five years of age.
Leading causes of death in post-neonatal children: risk factors and response

Cause of death Risk factors Prevention Treatment
Pneumonia, or other acute respiratory infections Low birth weight

Malnutrition

Non-breastfed children

Overcrowded conditions

Vaccination

Adequate nutrition

Exclusive breastfeeding

Reduction of household air pollution
Appropriate care by a trained health provider

Antibiotics

Oxygen for severe illness
Childhood diarrhoea Non-breastfed children

Unsafe drinking water and food

Poor hygiene practices

Malnutrition Exclusive breastfeeding

Safe water and food

Adequate sanitation and hygiene

Adequate nutrition

Vaccination

Low-osmolarity oral rehydration salts (ORS)

Zinc supplements
Prevention with vaccines

For some of the most deadly childhood diseases, such as measles, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, pneumonia due to Haemophilius influenzae type B and Streptococcus pneumoniae and diarrhoea due to rotavirus, vaccines are available and can protect children from illness and death.
WHO response

In June 2014, WHO, UNICEF and partners issued the first-ever global plan to end preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths by 2035. The Every Newborn Action Plan calls for all countries to take steps to provide basic, cost-effective health services—in particular around the time of childbirth, as well as for small and sick babies—and to improve the quality of care.
Global response: Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5

The Millennium Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2000 aim to decrease child and maternal deaths worldwide by 2015. The fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) is to reduce the 1990 mortality rate among under-five children by two thirds. Child mortality is also closely linked to MDG 5 to improve maternal health.

Since 44% of all child deaths occur within the first month of life, providing skilled care to mothers during pregnancy, as well as during and after birth, greatly contributes to child survival. Member States have set targets and developed specific strategies to reduce child mortality and monitor progress.

A child's risk of dying is highest in the neonatal period, the first 28 days of life. Safe childbirth and effective neonatal care are essential to prevent these deaths. 44% of child deaths under the age of five take place during the neonatal period.

Preterm birth, intrapartum-related complications (birth asphyxia or lack of breathing at birth), and infections cause most neonatal deaths. From the end of the neonatal period and through the first five years of life, the main causes of death are pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria. Malnutrition is the underlying contributing factor in about 45% of all child deaths, making children more vulnerable to severe diseases.

Overall, substantial progress has been made towards achieving Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4. Since 1990 the global under-five mortality rate has dropped from 90 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 46 in 2013. But the rate of this reduction in under-five mortality is still insufficient to reach the MDG target of a two-thirds reduction of 1990 mortality levels by the year 2015.
Who is most at risk?
Newborns

Nearly 3 million babies die every year in their first month of life and a similar number are stillborn. Within the first month, up to one half of all deaths occur within the first 24 hours of life, and 75% occur in the first week. The 48 hours immediately following birth is the most crucial period for newborn survival. This is when the mother and child should receive follow-up care to prevent and treat illness.

Prior to birth, the mother can increase her child's chance of survival and good health by attending antenatal care consultations, being immunized against tetanus, and avoiding smoking and use of alcohol.

At the time of birth, a baby's chance of survival increases significantly with delivery in a health facility in the presence of a skilled birth attendant. After birth, essential care of a newborn should include:

ensuring that the baby is breathing;
 starting the newborn on exclusive breastfeeding right away;
 keeping the baby warm; and
 washing hands before touching the baby.

Identifying and caring for illnesses in a newborn is very important, as a baby can become very ill and die quickly if an illness is not recognized and treated appropriately. Sick babies must be taken immediately to a trained health care provider.
Children under the age of five

Under-five deaths are increasingly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, while the proportion in the rest of the world dropped from 32% in 1990 to 18% in 2013.

Children in sub-Saharan Africa are more than 15 times more likely to die before the age of five than children in developed regions. About half of under-five deaths occur in only five countries: China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. India (21%) and Nigeria (13%) together account for more than a third of all under-five deaths.

Children are at greater risk of dying before age five if they are born in rural areas, poor households, or to a mother denied basic education.

More than half of under-five child deaths are due to diseases that are preventable and treatable through simple, affordable interventions. Strengthening health systems to provide such interventions to all children will save many young lives.

Malnourished children, particularly those with severe acute malnutrition, have a higher risk of death from common childhood illness such as diarrhoea, pneumonia, and malaria. Nutrition-related factors contribute to about 45% of deaths in children under five years of age.
Leading causes of death in post-neonatal children: risk factors and response

Cause of death  Risk factors  Prevention  Treatment
Pneumonia, or other acute respiratory infections  Low birth weight

Malnutrition

Non-breastfed children

Overcrowded conditions

Vaccination

Adequate nutrition

Exclusive breastfeeding

Reduction of household air pollution  
Appropriate care by a trained health provider

Antibiotics

Oxygen for severe illness
Childhood diarrhoea  Non-breastfed children

Unsafe drinking water and food

Poor hygiene practices

Malnutrition  Exclusive breastfeeding

Safe water and food

Adequate sanitation and hygiene

Adequate nutrition

Vaccination

Low-osmolarity oral rehydration salts (ORS)

Zinc supplements
Prevention with vaccines

For some of the most deadly childhood diseases, such as measles, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, pneumonia due to Haemophilius influenzae type B and Streptococcus pneumoniae and diarrhoea due to rotavirus, vaccines are available and can protect children from illness and death.
WHO response

In June 2014, WHO, UNICEF and partners issued the first-ever global plan to end preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths by 2035. The Every Newborn Action Plan calls for all countries to take steps to provide basic, cost-effective health services—in particular around the time of childbirth, as well as for small and sick babies—and to improve the quality of care.
Global response: Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5

The Millennium Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2000 aim to decrease child and maternal deaths worldwide by 2015. The fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) is to reduce the 1990 mortality rate among under-five children by two thirds. Child mortality is also closely linked to MDG 5 to improve maternal health.

Since 44% of all child deaths occur within the first month of life, providing skilled care to mothers during pregnancy, as well as during and after birth, greatly contributes to child survival. Member States have set targets and developed specific strategies to reduce child mortality and monitor progress.

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6.3 million children under the age of five died in 2013. More than half of these early child deaths are due to conditions that could be prevented or treated with access to simple, affordable interventions. Leading causes of death in under-five children are preterm birth complications, pneumonia, birth asphyxia, diarrhoea and malaria. About 45% of all child deaths are linked to malnutrition. Children in sub-Saharan Africa are more than 15 times more likely to die before the age of five than children in developed regions.A child's risk of dying is highest in the neonatal period, the first 28 days of life. Safe childbirth and effective neonatal care are essential to prevent these deaths. 44% of child deaths under the age of five take place during the neonatal period.Preterm birth, intrapartum-related complications (birth asphyxia or lack of breathing at birth), and infections cause most neonatal deaths. From the end of the neonatal period and through the first five years of life, the main causes of death are pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria. Malnutrition is the underlying contributing factor in about 45% of all child deaths, making children more vulnerable to severe diseases.Overall, substantial progress has been made towards achieving Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4. Since 1990 the global under-five mortality rate has dropped from 90 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 46 in 2013. But the rate of this reduction in under-five mortality is still insufficient to reach the MDG target of a two-thirds reduction of 1990 mortality levels by the year 2015.Who is most at risk?NewbornsNearly 3 million babies die every year in their first month of life and a similar number are stillborn. Within the first month, up to one half of all deaths occur within the first 24 hours of life, and 75% occur in the first week. The 48 hours immediately following birth is the most crucial period for newborn survival. This is when the mother and child should receive follow-up care to prevent and treat illness.Prior to birth, the mother can increase her child's chance of survival and good health by attending antenatal care consultations, being immunized against tetanus, and avoiding smoking and use of alcohol.At the time of birth, a baby's chance of survival increases significantly with delivery in a health facility in the presence of a skilled birth attendant. After birth, essential care of a newborn should include: ensuring that the baby is breathing; starting the newborn on exclusive breastfeeding right away; keeping the baby warm; and washing hands before touching the baby.Identifying and caring for illnesses in a newborn is very important, as a baby can become very ill and die quickly if an illness is not recognized and treated appropriately. Sick babies must be taken immediately to a trained health care provider.Children under the age of fiveUnder-five deaths are increasingly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, while the proportion in the rest of the world dropped from 32% in 1990 to 18% in 2013.Children in sub-Saharan Africa are more than 15 times more likely to die before the age of five than children in developed regions. About half of under-five deaths occur in only five countries: China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. India (21%) and Nigeria (13%) together account for more than a third of all under-five deaths.Children are at greater risk of dying before age five if they are born in rural areas, poor households, or to a mother denied basic education.More than half of under-five child deaths are due to diseases that are preventable and treatable through simple, affordable interventions. Strengthening health systems to provide such interventions to all children will save many young lives.Malnourished children, particularly those with severe acute malnutrition, have a higher risk of death from common childhood illness such as diarrhoea, pneumonia, and malaria. Nutrition-related factors contribute to about 45% of deaths in children under five years of age.Leading causes of death in post-neonatal children: risk factors and responseCause of death Risk factors Prevention TreatmentPneumonia, or other acute respiratory infections Low birth weightMalnutritionNon-breastfed childrenOvercrowded conditions VaccinationAdequate nutritionExclusive breastfeedingReduction of household air pollution Appropriate care by a trained health providerAntibioticsOxygen for severe illnessChildhood diarrhoea Non-breastfed childrenUnsafe drinking water and foodPoor hygiene practicesMalnutrition Exclusive breastfeedingSafe water and foodAdequate sanitation and hygieneAdequate nutritionVaccination Low-osmolarity oral rehydration salts (ORS)Zinc supplementsPrevention with vaccinesFor some of the most deadly childhood diseases, such as measles, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, pneumonia due to Haemophilius influenzae type B and Streptococcus pneumoniae and diarrhoea due to rotavirus, vaccines are available and can protect children from illness and death.WHO responseIn June 2014, WHO, UNICEF and partners issued the first-ever global plan to end preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths by 2035. The Every Newborn Action Plan calls for all countries to take steps to provide basic, cost-effective health services—in particular around the time of childbirth, as well as for small and sick babies—and to improve the quality of care.Global response: Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5The Millennium Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2000 aim to decrease child and maternal deaths worldwide by 2015. The fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) is to reduce the 1990 mortality rate among under-five children by two thirds. Child mortality is also closely linked to MDG 5 to improve maternal health.Since 44% of all child deaths occur within the first month of life, providing skilled care to mothers during pregnancy, as well as during and after birth, greatly contributes to child survival. Member States have set targets and developed specific strategies to reduce child mortality and monitor progress.

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6,3 juta anak di bawah usia lima tahun meninggal pada tahun 2013.
Lebih dari setengah dari kematian anak dini karena kondisi yang dapat dicegah atau diobati dengan akses ke sederhana, intervensi terjangkau.
Memimpin penyebab kematian di bawah lima anak yang lahir prematur komplikasi, pneumonia, asfiksia lahir, diare dan malaria. Sekitar 45% dari seluruh kematian anak terkait dengan gizi buruk.
Anak-anak di sub-Sahara Afrika lebih dari 15 kali lebih mungkin meninggal sebelum usia lima tahun daripada anak-anak di daerah berkembang. risiko seorang anak meninggal tertinggi pada periode neonatal, 28 hari pertama kehidupan. Melahirkan aman dan perawatan neonatal yang efektif sangat penting untuk mencegah kematian ini. 44% dari kematian anak di bawah usia lima tempat take selama periode neonatal. kelahiran prematur, komplikasi-intrapartum terkait (asfiksia lahir atau kurangnya bernapas saat lahir), dan infeksi menyebabkan kematian paling neonatal. Dari akhir periode neonatal dan melalui lima tahun pertama kehidupan, penyebab utama kematian adalah pneumonia, diare dan malaria. Malnutrisi adalah anak-anak yang mendasari faktor dalam sekitar 45% dari seluruh kematian anak, membuat lebih rentan terhadap penyakit berat. Secara keseluruhan, kemajuan substansial telah dibuat untuk mencapai Millenium Development Goal (MDG) 4. Sejak tahun 1990 angka kematian balita global yang memiliki turun dari 90 kematian per 1.000 kelahiran hidup pada tahun 1990 menjadi 46 di tahun 2013. Namun tingkat penurunan ini dalam kematian balita masih cukup untuk mencapai target MDG dari pengurangan dua pertiga 1990 tingkat kematian pada tahun 2015. Siapa yang paling berisiko? Bayi yang baru lahir Hampir 3 juta bayi meninggal setiap tahun di bulan pertama hidup mereka dan jumlah yang sama yang lahir mati. Dalam bulan pertama, hingga satu setengah dari semua kematian terjadi dalam 24 jam pertama kehidupan, dan 75% terjadi pada minggu pertama. Kelahiran 48 jam segera setelah adalah masa paling penting bagi kelangsungan hidup bayi yang baru lahir. Ini adalah ketika ibu dan anak harus menerima perawatan lanjutan untuk mencegah dan mengobati penyakit. Sebelum lahir, ibu dapat meningkatkan kesempatan anaknya untuk bertahan hidup dan kesehatan yang baik dengan menghadiri konsultasi perawatan antenatal, diimunisasi tetanus, dan menghindari merokok dan penggunaan alkohol. Pada saat lahir, kesempatan bayi untuk bertahan hidup meningkat secara signifikan dengan pengiriman di fasilitas kesehatan dengan adanya bidan terlatih. Setelah lahir, perawatan penting dari bayi yang baru lahir harus mencakup: memastikan bahwa bayi bernapas; mulai bayi baru lahir pada ASI eksklusif segera; menjaga bayi hangat; dan mencuci tangan sebelum menyentuh bayi. Mengidentifikasi dan merawat penyakit pada bayi baru lahir sangat penting, karena bayi dapat menjadi sangat sakit dan cepat mati jika penyakit tidak diakui dan diobati dengan tepat. Bayi yang sakit harus segera dibawa ke penyedia layanan kesehatan terlatih. Anak-anak di bawah usia lima tahun di bawah lima kematian semakin terkonsentrasi di Afrika sub-Sahara dan Asia Selatan, sedangkan proporsi di seluruh dunia turun dari 32% pada tahun 1990 18% pada tahun 2013. Anak-anak di sub-Sahara Afrika lebih dari 15 kali lebih mungkin meninggal sebelum usia lima tahun daripada anak-anak di daerah berkembang. Sekitar setengah dari kematian balita terjadi di lima negara: Cina, Republik Demokratik Kongo, India, Nigeria dan Pakistan. India (21%) dan Nigeria (13%) bersama-sama mencapai lebih dari sepertiga dari semua kematian balita. Anak-anak berisiko lebih besar meninggal sebelum usia lima jika mereka lahir di daerah pedesaan, rumah tangga miskin, atau untuk ibu pendidikan dasar membantah. Lebih dari separuh kematian balita anak adalah karena penyakit yang dapat dicegah dan diobati melalui sederhana, intervensi terjangkau. Penguatan sistem kesehatan untuk memberikan intervensi tersebut kepada semua anak akan menyelamatkan banyak nyawa anak muda. Anak-anak yang kekurangan gizi, terutama mereka dengan malnutrisi akut parah, memiliki risiko kematian yang lebih tinggi dari penyakit masa kanak-kanak umum seperti diare, pneumonia, dan malaria. Faktor-nutrisi yang berhubungan berkontribusi sekitar 45% dari kematian pada anak di bawah usia lima tahun. Penyebab Terkemuka dari kematian pada anak-anak pasca-neonatal: faktor risiko dan respon Penyebab Faktor risiko kematian Pencegahan Pengobatan Pneumonia, atau infeksi saluran pernapasan akut lainnya berat lahir rendah Malnutrisi Non-ASI anak kondisi penuh sesak Vaksinasi Nutrisi yang cukup ASI eksklusif Pengurangan polusi udara rumah tangga perawatan yang tepat oleh kesehatan yang terlatih Antibiotik Oksigen untuk parah penyakit diare Anak anak Non-ASI air minum yang tidak aman dan makanan praktek kebersihan yang buruk Malnutrisi ASI eksklusif air Aman dan makanan sanitasi yang memadai dan kebersihan Nutrisi yang cukup Vaksinasi Rendah-osmolaritas garam rehidrasi oral (oralit) Zinc suplemen Pencegahan dengan vaksin Untuk beberapa penyakit anak yang paling mematikan, seperti campak, polio, difteri, tetanus, pertusis, pneumonia karena Haemophilius influenzae tipe B dan Streptococcus pneumoniae dan diare karena rotavirus, vaksin yang tersedia dan dapat melindungi anak-anak dari penyakit dan kematian. WHO respon Pada bulan Juni 2014, WHO, UNICEF dan mitra dikeluarkan pertama kalinya rencana global untuk mengakhiri kematian bayi dapat dicegah dan lahir mati pada 2035. The Setiap Rencana Aksi Newborn menyerukan semua negara untuk mengambil langkah-langkah untuk memberikan dasar, layanan-biaya-efektif kesehatan tertentu sekitar waktu melahirkan, serta untuk kecil dan sakit bayi-dan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan. respon global: Pembangunan Milenium Tujuan 4 dan 5 Tujuan Pembangunan Milenium yang diadopsi oleh PBB pada tahun 2000 bertujuan untuk mengurangi anak dan kematian ibu di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2015. Keempat Millennium Development Goal (MDG) adalah untuk mengurangi tingkat kematian di antara 1.990 balita oleh dua pertiga. Kematian anak juga terkait erat dengan MDG 5 untuk meningkatkan kesehatan ibu. Sejak 44% dari seluruh kematian anak terjadi dalam bulan pertama kehidupan, memberikan perawatan terampil untuk ibu selama kehamilan, serta selama dan setelah kelahiran, sangat memberikan kontribusi untuk kelangsungan hidup anak . Negara-negara anggota telah menetapkan target dan mengembangkan strategi khusus untuk mengurangi angka kematian anak dan memonitor kemajuan.

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