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2. Pulmonary EdemaA serious pulmonary complication of head-injury patients is pulmonary edema. It may be primarily neurogenic in origin or may occur with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Neurogenic pulmonary edema may result from an injury to the brain that causes the Cushing’s reflex. An increase in systemic arterial pressure occurs as sympathetic nervous system response to increasing ICP. This increase in vasoconstriction throughout the body causes more blood to be shunted to the lungs. Altered permeability of thepulmonary blood vessels contributes to the process by allowing fluid to move into the alveoli. The impaired diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide from the blood can lead to further increases in ICP.
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