9.1.2 WaterfallThe waterfall refers to the rules about how the cash fl terjemahan - 9.1.2 WaterfallThe waterfall refers to the rules about how the cash fl Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

9.1.2 WaterfallThe waterfall refers

9.1.2 Waterfall
The waterfall refers to the rules about how the cash flows from the collateral
are distributed to the various securities in the capital structure. The term
“waterfall” arose because generally the capital structure is paid in sequence,
“top down,” with the senior debt receiving all of its promised payments
before any lower tranche receives any monies. In addition to the coupons
and other payments promised to the bonds, there are fees and other costs to
be paid, which typically take priority over coupons.
A typical structured credit product begins life with a certain amount
of hard overcollateralization, since part of the capital structure is an equity
note, and the debt tranches are less than 100 percent of the deal. Soft
overcollateralization mechanisms may begin to pay down the senior debt
over time with part of the collateral pool interest, or divert part of it into a
reserve that provides additional credit enhancement for the senior tranches.
That way, additional credit enhancement is built up at the beginning of the
life of the product, when collateral cash flows are strongest. Typically, there
is a detailed set of overcollateralization triggers that state the conditions
under which excess spread is to be diverted into various reserves.
To clarify these concepts and introduce a few more, let’s develop our
simple example. Imagine a CLO, the underlying assets of which are 100
identical leveraged loans, with a par value of $1,000,000 each, and priced
at par. The loans are floating rate obligations that pay a fixed spread of 3.5
percent over one-month Libor. We’ll assume there are no upfront, manage-
ment, or trustee fees. The capital structure consists of equity, and a junior
and a senior bond, as displayed in this schematic balance sheet:
0/5000
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
9.1.2 waterfallAir terjun merujuk kepada aturan-aturan tentang bagaimana uang mengalir dari agunandidistribusikan ke berbagai efek dalam struktur modal. Istilah"air terjun" muncul karena umumnya struktur modal dibayar dalam urutan,"atas ke bawah," dengan utang senior yang menerima semua pembayaran yang dijanjikansebelum setiap menurunkan tranche menerima uang apapun. Selain kupondan pembayaran lain yang berjanji untuk Obligasi, ada biaya dan biaya lain untukdibayar, yang biasanya mengambil prioritas di atas kupon.Produk khas terstruktur kredit mulai hidup dengan jumlah tertentudari overcollateralization sulit, karena bagian dari struktur modal ekuitasCatatan, dan bertahap utang yang kurang dari 100 persen dari kesepakatan. Lembutovercollateralization mekanisme mungkin mulai membayar utang seniorselama waktu dengan bagian bunga agunan Outdoor, atau mengalihkan sebagian menjadiReserve yang memberikan peningkatan kredit tambahan untuk bertahap senior.Dengan demikian, peningkatan kredit tambahan dibangun pada awalkehidupan produk, ketika arus kas agunan terkuat. Biasanya, adaadalah seperangkat rinci pemicu overcollateralization yang menyatakan kondisidi mana kelebihan penyebaran akan Dialihkan menjadi berbagai cadangan.Untuk menjelaskan konsep-konsep ini dan memperkenalkan beberapa lagi, mari kita mengembangkan kamicontoh sederhana. Bayangkan CLO, aset yang mendasari yang adalah 100identik memanfaatkan pinjaman, dengan nilai $1.000.000 masing-masing, par dan hargasetara. Pinjaman mengambang tingkat kewajiban yang membayar spread tetap 3.5persen selama satu bulan Libor. Kami asumsikan ada tidak dimuka, mengelola-ment, atau wali biaya. Struktur modal terdiri dari saham, dan juniordan ikatan senior, seperti ditampilkan dalam neraca ini skema:
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