It is striking that the creative accounting issue ranks above tax evas terjemahan - It is striking that the creative accounting issue ranks above tax evas Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

It is striking that the creative ac

It is striking that the creative accounting issue ranks above tax evasion as an ethical issue for Australian practitioners. Two surveys of attitudes to creative accounting in the USA both highlight a difference in accountants’ attitudes to creative accounting depending on whether it arises from abuse of accounting rules or from the manipulation of transactions. Fischer and Rosenzweig (1995) found that accounting and MBA students were more critical than accounting practitioners of manipulated transactions, whereas accounting practitioners were more critical than students of abuse of accounting rules. Merchant and Rockness (1994) similarly found that, when presented with scenarios of creative accounting, accountants were more critical of abuse of
accounting rules than of manipulation of transactions. Fischer and Rosenzweig offer two possible explanations for accountants’ attitudes:
1 Accountants may take a rule-based approach to ethics, rather than
basing judgement on the impact on users of the accounts.
2 Accountants may see abuse of accounting rules as falling within their
domain, and therefore demanding their ethical judgement, while the
manipulation of transactions falls within the domain of management
and so is not subject to the same ethical code.
Merchant and Rockness also found a difference in accountants’ attitudes
to creative accounting depending on the motivation of management.
Creative accounting based on explicit motives of self-interest attracted
more disapproval than where the motivation was to promote the
company.
An accountant, or other manager, who takes a stand against creative
accounting faces the same pressures as any other whistle-blower. In
extreme cases failure to act could ruin a reputation. As one company
accountant who took a firm stand put it: ‘It cost me my job, but I don’t
think I would have gotten another job had I been unethical’ (quoted by
Baldo 1995).
Schilit (1993) reports the case of one company accountant confronted
with such an issue. His employer, a food wholesaler, incurred substantial
costs in paying retailers to put new lines on their shelves. This is a
common practice, known as ‘slotting’, and the costs are commonly
written off in the year they are incurred. In order to keep within
accounting ratios under loan agreements the company president
proposed to capitalise the slotting costs and amortise them over ten
years. The accountant:
1 Undertook some research on other company practices, and as a result
was confirmed in the view that this was not an acceptable accounting
treatment.
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It is striking that the creative accounting issue ranks above tax evasion as an ethical issue for Australian practitioners. Two surveys of attitudes to creative accounting in the USA both highlight a difference in accountants’ attitudes to creative accounting depending on whether it arises from abuse of accounting rules or from the manipulation of transactions. Fischer and Rosenzweig (1995) found that accounting and MBA students were more critical than accounting practitioners of manipulated transactions, whereas accounting practitioners were more critical than students of abuse of accounting rules. Merchant and Rockness (1994) similarly found that, when presented with scenarios of creative accounting, accountants were more critical of abuse ofaccounting rules than of manipulation of transactions. Fischer and Rosenzweig offer two possible explanations for accountants’ attitudes:1 Accountants may take a rule-based approach to ethics, rather thanbasing judgement on the impact on users of the accounts.2 Accountants may see abuse of accounting rules as falling within theirdomain, and therefore demanding their ethical judgement, while themanipulation of transactions falls within the domain of managementand so is not subject to the same ethical code.Merchant and Rockness also found a difference in accountants’ attitudesto creative accounting depending on the motivation of management.Creative accounting based on explicit motives of self-interest attracted
more disapproval than where the motivation was to promote the
company.
An accountant, or other manager, who takes a stand against creative
accounting faces the same pressures as any other whistle-blower. In
extreme cases failure to act could ruin a reputation. As one company
accountant who took a firm stand put it: ‘It cost me my job, but I don’t
think I would have gotten another job had I been unethical’ (quoted by
Baldo 1995).
Schilit (1993) reports the case of one company accountant confronted
with such an issue. His employer, a food wholesaler, incurred substantial
costs in paying retailers to put new lines on their shelves. This is a
common practice, known as ‘slotting’, and the costs are commonly
written off in the year they are incurred. In order to keep within
accounting ratios under loan agreements the company president
proposed to capitalise the slotting costs and amortise them over ten
years. The accountant:
1 Undertook some research on other company practices, and as a result
was confirmed in the view that this was not an acceptable accounting
treatment.
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Hal ini mengejutkan bahwa masalah akuntansi kreatif peringkat di atas penggelapan pajak sebagai masalah etika bagi para praktisi Australia. Dua survei sikap akuntansi kreatif di Amerika Serikat baik menyoroti perbedaan dalam sikap akuntan 'akuntansi kreatif tergantung pada apakah itu muncul dari penyalahgunaan aturan akuntansi atau dari manipulasi transaksi. Fischer dan Rosenzweig (1995) menemukan bahwa akuntansi dan mahasiswa MBA lebih penting daripada akuntansi praktisi transaksi dimanipulasi, sedangkan praktisi akuntansi lebih penting daripada siswa dari penyalahgunaan aturan akuntansi. Merchant dan Rockness (1994) juga menemukan bahwa, ketika disajikan dengan skenario akuntansi kreatif, akuntan lebih penting dari penyalahgunaan
aturan akuntansi dari manipulasi transaksi. Fischer dan Rosenzweig menawarkan dua kemungkinan penjelasan untuk sikap akuntan ':
1 Akuntan dapat mengambil pendekatan berbasis aturan etika, bukan
mendasarkan penilaian pada dampak pada pengguna akun.
2 Akuntan dapat melihat penyalahgunaan aturan akuntansi sebagai jatuh dalam mereka
domain , dan karena itu menuntut penilaian etis mereka, sedangkan
manipulasi transaksi jatuh dalam domain dari manajemen
dan tidak tunduk pada kode etik yang sama.
Merchant dan Rockness juga menemukan perbedaan dalam sikap akuntan
'akuntansi kreatif tergantung pada motivasi dari manajemen .
akuntansi Kreatif berdasarkan motif eksplisit kepentingan menarik
lebih ketidaksetujuan dari mana motivasi adalah untuk mempromosikan
perusahaan.
Seorang akuntan, atau manajer lainnya, yang mengambil sikap terhadap kreatif
akuntansi menghadapi tekanan yang sama seperti whistle-blower lainnya. Dalam
kasus kegagalan ekstrim untuk bertindak bisa merusak reputasi. Sebagai salah satu perusahaan
akuntan yang mengambil sikap tegas mengatakan: "Saya biaya pekerjaan saya, tapi saya tidak
berpikir saya akan mendapatkan pekerjaan lain yang saya pernah tidak etis '(dikutip
Baldo 1995).
Schilit (1993) melaporkan kasus ini dari satu perusahaan akuntan dihadapkan
dengan masalah seperti itu. Majikannya, grosir makanan, yang dikeluarkan cukup besar
biaya dalam membayar pengecer untuk menempatkan baris baru di rak-rak mereka. Ini adalah
praktek yang umum, yang dikenal sebagai 'slotting', dan biaya umumnya
dihapuskan pada tahun terjadinya. Agar dalam
rasio akuntansi di bawah perjanjian pinjaman presiden perusahaan
yang diusulkan untuk memanfaatkan biaya slotting dan amortisasi mereka lebih dari sepuluh
tahun. Akuntan:
1 Menjalani beberapa penelitian tentang praktik perusahaan lain, dan sebagai hasilnya
dikonfirmasi pada pandangan bahwa ini bukan akuntansi dapat diterima
pengobatan.
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