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[Salinan]Disalin!
We investigated whether older listeners would show a
perceptual learning effect of a similar size to that shown
by younger listeners, by means of an age group comparison.
To that end, we investigated performance and the
time course of accepting ambiguous items as words in
the lexical-decision task, and the perceptual learning effect
as exhibited in the phonetic categorization task. The
final analyses focused on whether age and hearing sensitivity
predict perceptual learning.
All of the analyses were carried out using generalized
linear mixed-effect models (e.g., Baayen, Davidson, &
Bates, 2008), containing both fixed and random effects,
using the logit link function. The fixed and random factors
differed in the analyses and are therefore listed for each
analysis separately. The parameters of the generalized linear
models were set using maximum likelihood estimation using
dummy coding. A generalized model has the form
logit p ¼ c þ b1Factor1 þ b2Factor2 þ b3Factor3 þ . . . ;
where logit p represents log [p(1 – p)], logit p is the “dependent
variable,” and the constant c is the intercept. The
different βs (Chatterjee, Hadi, & Price, 2000) represent the
relevance (effect size) of the different predictors for the
estimation of logit p. In each analysis, a best-fitting model
was built using the fixed and random variables. We started
by building the most complex model—that is, the model
with all possible interactions between the predictors.
Subsequently, interactions and predictors that proved not
to be significant were removed step by step from the model.
The best-fitting model only contained predictor variables
and interactions that were significant. We only report statistically
significant effects and the absolute estimated values
of the different βs, with an explanation of the found effect.
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