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Magmatic breccias form in association with porphyry intrusions in which there is little mixing of meteoric watersor fluid degassing. Only with later influx of hydrothermal fluid are these breccias inferred to become altered andpossibly mineralized. Intrusive or contact breccias develop at the contacts between intrusions and host rocks,while collapse breccias form following the outflow of material from a magma chamber. Many contact brecciasrepresent permeable fluid paths and so display preferential alteration.Volcanic breccias represent the large group of broken rocks which form in subaerial and subvolcanicenvironments, locally host volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, and may also act as host rocks for magmaticarccopper-gold mineralization. Some permeable host rocks readily become are altered. Readers are referred totexts such as Cas and Wright (1987) and McPhie et al. (1993) for a discussion of these rock types.Tectonic breccias develop by deformational processes and include fault breccias which vary from milled puggyfault zones, to open space breccias and are usually distinguished by an association with planar fault surfaces.However, many faults are plumbing systems for hydrothermal fluids and so these breccias are transitional tohydrothermal phenomenon.
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