measures of positive affect, negati

measures of positive affect, negative affect, and tiredness. Daily
positive and negative affect were assessed by means of the PANAS
mood scale (Watson & Clark, 1994). Positive affect was
measured with the items “active,” “alert,” “attentive,” “determined,”
“enthusiastic,” “excited,” “inspired,” “interested,”
“proud,” and “strong,” whereas the scale of negative affect contained
the items “afraid,” “scared,” “nervous,” “jittery,” “irritable,”
“hostile,” “guilty,” “ashamed,” “upset,” and “distressed.” The
items “sleepy,” “tired,” “sluggish,” and “drowsy” from the
PANAS-fatigue scale (Watson & Clark, 1994) loaded on the same
factor as the items “quiet” and “still” that tap into the arousal
dimension of the mood circumplex (Feldman Barrett, 1995), so
they were combined into a single scale of daily tiredness. Items
were presented with scales from 1 (“not at all”) to 5 (“very much”).
The mean score on positive affect in the sample was 2.85 (SD 
0.79), negative affect had a mean of 1.83 (SD  0.75), and the
mean score on tiredness was 2.23 (SD  0.88).
The different scales of the daily questionnaires were presented
in randomized order to avoid the development of automatic response
sets. The questionnaire was only accessible between 9 p.m.
and 4 a.m. Participants were asked to complete 25 daily questionnaires
within 30 days. However, not all participants completed the
full 25 questionnaires needed for feedback. On average, participants
contributed 13.75 daily reports (SD  10.30). As an incentive,
participants received feedback regarding the extent to which
a number of factors affected their mood during the course of the
study (e.g., amount of sleep, number of social interactions) after
the last daily report.
Objective weather data. Data from the German Weather Institute
(Deutscher Wetterdienst; http://www.dwd.de) was used to
obtain weather data from all German weather stations. The daily
weather variables were matched to the diary data of the respondents
by date and ZIP code. The data from the weather stations
contained variables that were highly correlated, such as minimum
temperature, maximum temperature, and mean temperature.
Therefore, a factor analysis with oblique (oblimin) rotation was
conducted. This resulted in three factors, which were labeled
‘temperature,’ ‘sunlight,’ and ‘wind power.’ The variables mean
temperature in degrees Celsius, hours of unobstructed sunlight
(i.e., the number of hours in which a shadow can be detected), and
mean wind power on the Beaufort scale (Bft) were used to represent
these factors in the analysis. The variables precipitation in
millimeters and mean air pressure measured in hectopascal (hPa)
did not load on one of the three defined factors and were therefore
considered as separate variables. The daily mean temperature
ranged from 17.80 to 28.40 °C (0.04 to 83.12 °F), with a mean
of 11.28 (SD  6.62) degrees Celsius (M  52.30, SD  43.92
°F). The mean wind power ranged from 0 to 7 Bft (M  2.56,
SD  0.80), sunlight ranged from 0 to 16.50 hours (M  4.76,
SD  4.15), precipitation had a range from 0 to 47.10 mm (M 
1.93, SD  3.84), and air pressure had a range from 895.90 to
1042.30 hPa (M  990.86, SD  22.26).
In addition, photoperiod was calculated by subtracting the time of
sunrise from the time of sunset for the various days that were studied
(using the geographical center of Germany as the reference point
on http://www.sonnenaufgang-sonnenuntergang.de/). The resulting
variable had a range from 7.87 to 16.60 (M  12.33, SD 
2.66). Although this variable is obviously confounded with hours
of sunlight (see below), photoperiod is completely determined by
calendar date and latitude (e.g., shortest and longest day length at
the winter and summer solstice, respectively, in the northern
hemisphere), whereas the amount of unobstructed sunlight also
taps into day-to-day fluctuations (e.g., a clouded vs. a sunny
summer day).

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

langkah-langkah pengaruh positif, negatif mempengaruhi dan kelelahan. Harianpositif dan negatif mempengaruhi dinilai dengan menggunakan PANASsuasana skala (Watson & Clark, 1994). Pengaruh positif adalahdiukur dengan item "aktif", "peringatan," "perhatian," "ditentukan""semangat," "bersemangat," "terinspirasi," "tertarik""bangga", dan "kuat," sedangkan skala negatif mempengaruhi terkandungitem "takut," "takut," "gugup," "gugup," "marah""memusuhi," "bersalah," "malu," "marah", dan "tertekan." Theitem "mengantuk," "lelah," "lamban", dan "mengantuk" dariPANAS-kelelahan skala (Watson & Clark, 1994) dimuat di samafaktor seperti item "tenang" dan "masih" yang memasuki gairahdimensi circumplex suasana hati (Feldman Barrett, 1995), jadimereka dikombinasikan menjadi satu skala harian kelelahan. Itemdisajikan dengan skala 1 ("sama sekali tidak") sampai 5 ("sangat banyak").Skor rata-rata pada pengaruh positif dalam contoh adalah 2.85 (SD0.79), negatif mempengaruhi telah menjadi rata-rata 1.83 (SD 0,75), danrata-rata Skor pada kelelahan adalah 2,23 (SD 0.88).Skala yang berbeda dari kuesioner harian disajikandalam urutan acak untuk menghindari pengembangan respon otomatisset. Kuesioner ini hanya dapat diakses antara pukul 21: 00dan 4 pagi peserta diminta untuk menyelesaikan kuesioner harian 25dalam waktu 30 hari. Namun, tidak semua peserta selesaipenuh 25 kuesioner yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh feedback. Rata-rata, pesertamemberikan kontribusi laporan harian 13.75 (SD 10.30). Sebagai insentif,peserta menerima umpan balik mengenai sejauh manasejumlah faktor mempengaruhi suasana hati mereka selamaStudi (e.g., jumlah tidur, jumlah interaksi sosial) setelahlaporan harian terakhir.Data cuaca objektif. Data dari Institut cuaca Jerman(Deutscher Wetterdienst; http://www.dwd.de) digunakan untukmemperoleh data cuaca dari semua stasiun cuaca Jerman. Sehari-hariCuaca variabel kecocokan data harian respondenoleh tanggal dan kode pos. Data dari stasiun cuacaberisi variabel yang telah sangat berkorelasi, seperti minimalsuhu, suhu maksimum, dan suhu rata-rata.Oleh karena itu, adalah faktor Analisis dengan rotasi oblique (oblimin)dilakukan. Ini mengakibatkan tiga faktor, yang diberi label'suhu,' 'sinar matahari', dan 'tenaga angin.' Berarti variabelsuhu dalam derajat Celcius, jam sinar matahari terhalang(yaitu, jumlah jam di mana bayangan dapat dideteksi), danrata-rata angin daya pada skala Beaufort (Bft) digunakan untuk mewakilifaktor-faktor ini dalam analisis. Variabel pengendapan dimilimeter dan tekanan udara rata-rata diukur dalam hectopascal (hPa)beban tidak salah satu dari tiga faktor didefinisikan dan karenanyadianggap sebagai variabel yang terpisah. Sehari-hari berarti suhuberkisar dari 17.80 28.40 ° c (0,04 untuk 83.12 ° F), dengan rata-rata11.28 (SD 6.62) derajat Celcius (M 52.30, SD 43.92° F). Rata-rata angin kekuatan berkisar dari 0 untuk 7 Bft (M 2,56,SD 0.80), sinar matahari yang berkisar dari 0 untuk 16.50 jam (M 4.76,SD 4,15), curah hujan memiliki jangkauan dari 0 47.10 mm (M1. 93, SD 3.84), dan tekanan udara memiliki jangkauan dari-895.90 untuk1042.30 hPa (M 990.86, SD 22.26).Selain itu, photoperiod dihitung dengan mengurangkan waktumatahari terbit dari waktu matahari terbenam hari berbagai yang dipelajari(menggunakan pusat geografis Jerman sebagai titik acuanpada http://www.sonnenaufgang-sonnenuntergang.de/). Yang dihasilkanvariabel telah berkisar dari 7.87 16,60 (M 12.33, SD2,66). meskipun variabel ini jelas dikacaukan dengan jamsinar matahari (Lihat di bawah), photoperiod sangat ditentukan olehtanggal kalender dan lintang (misalnya, hari terpendek dan terpanjang panjang dimusim dingin dan musim panas solstice, masing-masing, di Utarabelahan bumi), sedangkan jumlah sinar matahari terhalang jugakeran ke dalam sehari-hari fluktuasi (misalnya, Mendung vs yang cerahhari musim panas).