Although theories of Type A behavior indicate that treatments based in terjemahan - Although theories of Type A behavior indicate that treatments based in Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Although theories of Type A behavio

Although theories of Type A behavior indicate that treatments based in different theoretical contexts could be differentially effective in reducing Type A responding, there was a lack of differentiation in response to the three treatment conditions. Type A individuals appeared to be able to use AMT, CBT/AMT, and VCT/AMT equally well in reduction of the TABP. Conversely, the CBT/AMT group achieved reductions in anxiety superior to those of the AMT group.
What are some possible reasons for the failure of CBT/AMT and VCT/AMT to effect greater reductions in Type A responding? There was more than twice as much treatment time in CBT/AMT and VCT/AMT as there was in AMT. More time was available for definition of individual problems, group discussion of Type A phenomena, and acquisition of new coping skills. In spite of these advantages, the three treatment conditions yielded similar reductions in Type A behavior. Two points should be considered before the effectiveness of the CBT and VCT components is minimized. First, the TABP is a long-standing behavior pattern, and treatment effects were evaluated after a relatively brief span of time. Second, CBT/AMT and VCT/AMT effects were compared with those of AMT, an active treatment that has been proven effective in reducing Type A behaviors. The CBT and VCT treatment components would have had to be highly potent to have produced results superior to those of AMT after the 9-week treatment period, and they were not.
From the perspective of economy, the AMT treatment produced admirable results. The addition of readings relevant to the TABP was the only deviation made from Suinn's (1977) AMT protocol. Impressive gains were effected in 6 weeks by the combination of TABP education and instruction in and practice of relaxation and imagery skills in a group format. Although AMT may not meet all Type A treatment needs, it seems to be the short-term treatment of choice for this behavior pattern.
A different pattern of results was achieved with anxiety. Although only the CBT/AMT group scored significantly lower than the AMT group on posttreatment anxiety, the VCT/AMT group achieved reductions in anxiety of a magnitude similar to the CBT/AMT group. CBT/AMT participants and, to a lesser extent, VCT/AMT participants reported feeling better and less anxious both in general and at the moment than did AMT participants at posttreatment. This is an important finding because although Type A behavior and anxiety have been demonstrated to be independent factors, they can be concomitants in people who demonstrate extreme levels of the TABP, such as those people included in this investigation. Many of the Type A people who seek some form of psychological treatment also have high levels of anxiety (Furnham, 1983).
Although AMT was as effective as CBT/AMT in reducing the level of the TABP, it was not as effective in reducing anxiety. The additional time given to discussion of the TABP in general, its individual manifestations, and the presentation and practice of cognitive coping techniques seemed to produce an unexpected benefit of significantly decreased anxiety. Not only did the CBT/AMT participants' Type A responding diminish, but they also felt better.
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Although theories of Type A behavior indicate that treatments based in different theoretical contexts could be differentially effective in reducing Type A responding, there was a lack of differentiation in response to the three treatment conditions. Type A individuals appeared to be able to use AMT, CBT/AMT, and VCT/AMT equally well in reduction of the TABP. Conversely, the CBT/AMT group achieved reductions in anxiety superior to those of the AMT group.What are some possible reasons for the failure of CBT/AMT and VCT/AMT to effect greater reductions in Type A responding? There was more than twice as much treatment time in CBT/AMT and VCT/AMT as there was in AMT. More time was available for definition of individual problems, group discussion of Type A phenomena, and acquisition of new coping skills. In spite of these advantages, the three treatment conditions yielded similar reductions in Type A behavior. Two points should be considered before the effectiveness of the CBT and VCT components is minimized. First, the TABP is a long-standing behavior pattern, and treatment effects were evaluated after a relatively brief span of time. Second, CBT/AMT and VCT/AMT effects were compared with those of AMT, an active treatment that has been proven effective in reducing Type A behaviors. The CBT and VCT treatment components would have had to be highly potent to have produced results superior to those of AMT after the 9-week treatment period, and they were not.From the perspective of economy, the AMT treatment produced admirable results. The addition of readings relevant to the TABP was the only deviation made from Suinn's (1977) AMT protocol. Impressive gains were effected in 6 weeks by the combination of TABP education and instruction in and practice of relaxation and imagery skills in a group format. Although AMT may not meet all Type A treatment needs, it seems to be the short-term treatment of choice for this behavior pattern.A different pattern of results was achieved with anxiety. Although only the CBT/AMT group scored significantly lower than the AMT group on posttreatment anxiety, the VCT/AMT group achieved reductions in anxiety of a magnitude similar to the CBT/AMT group. CBT/AMT participants and, to a lesser extent, VCT/AMT participants reported feeling better and less anxious both in general and at the moment than did AMT participants at posttreatment. This is an important finding because although Type A behavior and anxiety have been demonstrated to be independent factors, they can be concomitants in people who demonstrate extreme levels of the TABP, such as those people included in this investigation. Many of the Type A people who seek some form of psychological treatment also have high levels of anxiety (Furnham, 1983).Although AMT was as effective as CBT/AMT in reducing the level of the TABP, it was not as effective in reducing anxiety. The additional time given to discussion of the TABP in general, its individual manifestations, and the presentation and practice of cognitive coping techniques seemed to produce an unexpected benefit of significantly decreased anxiety. Not only did the CBT/AMT participants' Type A responding diminish, but they also felt better.
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Meskipun teori Tipe A perilaku menunjukkan bahwa perawatan berbasis dalam konteks teoritis yang berbeda bisa berbeda-beda efektif dalam mengurangi Tipe A merespons, ada kurangnya diferensiasi dalam menanggapi tiga kondisi perawatan. Tipe A individu muncul untuk dapat menggunakan AMT, CBT / AMT, dan VCT / AMT sama baiknya dalam pengurangan TABP tersebut. Sebaliknya, CBT / kelompok AMT dicapai pengurangan kecemasan unggul daripada kelompok AMT.
Apa adalah beberapa kemungkinan alasan untuk kegagalan CBT / AMT dan VCT / AMT untuk efek pengurangan besar dalam Tipe A merespon? Ada lebih dari dua kali lebih banyak waktu perawatan di CBT / AMT dan VCT / AMT karena ada di AMT. Lebih banyak waktu yang tersedia untuk definisi masalah individu, kelompok diskusi fenomena Tipe A, dan perolehan keterampilan koping baru. Terlepas dari keuntungan ini, tiga kondisi perlakuan menghasilkan pengurangan serupa dalam perilaku Tipe A. Dua hal harus dipertimbangkan sebelum efektivitas CBT dan VCT komponen diminimalkan. Pertama, TABP adalah pola perilaku lama, dan efek pengobatan dievaluasi setelah jangka waktu yang relatif singkat. Kedua, CBT / AMT dan VCT / AMT efek dibandingkan dengan orang-orang dari AMT, pengobatan aktif yang telah terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi Tipe A perilaku. The CBT dan VCT komponen pengobatan akan harus sangat ampuh untuk memiliki hasil yang dihasilkan unggul daripada AMT setelah masa pengobatan 9 minggu, dan mereka tidak.
Dari perspektif ekonomi, pengobatan AMT hasil yang mengagumkan. Penambahan bacaan yang relevan dengan TABP adalah satu-satunya penyimpangan yang terbuat dari (1977) protokol AMT Suinn ini. Keuntungan yang mengesankan yang dilakukan dalam 6 minggu dengan kombinasi pendidikan TABP dan instruksi dan praktek relaksasi dan citra keterampilan dalam format kelompok. Meskipun AMT mungkin tidak memenuhi semua tipe A pengobatan perlu, tampaknya menjadi pengobatan jangka pendek pilihan untuk pola perilaku ini.
Sebuah pola yang berbeda dari hasil yang dicapai dengan kecemasan. Meskipun hanya CBT / kelompok AMT mencetak secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok AMT pada kecemasan posttreatment, VCT / kelompok AMT dicapai pengurangan kecemasan dari besarnya mirip dengan CBT / kelompok AMT. CBT / peserta AMT dan, pada tingkat lebih rendah, VCT / peserta AMT melaporkan merasa lebih baik dan kurang cemas baik secara umum dan pada saat daripada peserta AMT di posttreatment. Ini merupakan temuan penting karena meskipun Tipe A perilaku dan kecemasan telah dibuktikan menjadi faktor independen, mereka dapat concomitants pada orang yang menunjukkan tingkat ekstrim dari TABP, seperti orang-orang yang termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Banyak Tipe A orang yang mencari beberapa bentuk perawatan psikologis juga memiliki tingkat kecemasan tinggi (Furnham, 1983).
Meskipun AMT sama efektifnya dengan CBT / AMT dalam mengurangi tingkat TABP, itu tidak efektif dalam mengurangi kecemasan. Waktu tambahan yang diberikan untuk diskusi tentang TABP pada umumnya, manifestasi individu, dan presentasi dan praktek teknik koping kognitif tampaknya menghasilkan manfaat yang tak terduga secara signifikan menurun kecemasan. Tidak hanya CBT / peserta AMT 'Tipe A merespons berkurang, tetapi mereka juga merasa lebih baik.
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