Hasil (
Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
2. Objectives are the fundamental strategy of a business.3. Objectives must be operational. They must be capable of being converted into specific targets and specific assignments.4. Objectives must make possible concentration of resources and efforts.5. There must be multiple rather than a single objective.6. Objectives are needed in all areas on which the survival of the business depends.Objectives should be established at least in eight key areas:• Marketing• Innovations• Human Resources• Physical and Financial Resources• Productivity• Social Responsibility• Profit RequirementsObjectives Of An Organization And Can Be Structured Into A Hierarchy.The corporate objectives affect the entire organization; divisional objectives are those derived from the corporate objectives, department are derived from the divisional objectives, and so forth, right down to the individual level.Similarly, the can range from the short to the long term. Long-range objectives extend over five or more years. Short-range objectives are very specific and generally are realized within one year. Every business has more than one objective.Although the choice and priorities will be different among firms, the objectives lists of most firms will contain to levels objectives: the overall (general) objectives and specific (minor)organization objectives.The first level is concerned with the firm's broad goals:• economic service objectives• broadly stated company objective• survival and growth objectives• personal group objectives• government and social objectivesThe second level - specific organization objectives relate to:• productivity objectives• budgetary objectives• quantitative objectives• qualitative objectives.Every company needs to establish both strategic objectives and financial objectives.Why do firms have objectives, and why are they important to strategic management? There are four reasons:1. Objectives help define the organization in its environment.2. Objectives help in coordinating decisions and decisions makers.3. Objectives provide standards for assessing organizational performance.4. Objectives are more tangible targets than mission statements.Objectives may be short and long term. Although there is no precise definition of dividing point among the the classes of objectives, many would agree that one year or less refers to a short-term objective and five years or more refers to a long-term objectives. Both long-range and short-range objectives are needed.Long-range objectives serve two purposes:1. One, they raise the issue of what actions to take now to able to reach the targeted long-range performance later.2. Two, having long-range objectives pushes managers to weigh the impact of today's decisions on longer- range performance.Short-range objectives spell out the immediate and near-term results to be achieved:• They indicate the speed at which the organization needs to move along its charted path as well as the level of performance which being aimed for.• They represent a commitment by managers to produce specified results in a specified time frame - this means they must spell out how much by when.Changing Mission And ObjectivesMission and objectives should not be viewed as unchangeable. Although organizations tend toward stability, mission and objectives change over time.In certain circumstances the mission itself must be reevaluated if the organization is to survive. Another reason for changing the mission and the objectives of an organization occurs when the long-term prospects for an organization's core business area not good and the organization decides to redirect its activities. A variety of factors, such as new technology, new government regulation, and different stakeholders demands, can render good objective obsolete.Mission And Objectives - Summarywo main organizational ingredients are commonly used to establish organizational direction: organizational mission and organizational objectives.Mission is the fundamental concept which defines the organization's reason for existence. Mission and a sense of mission are important to business success they help organizations to move in a united direction, make consistent decisions and strategies, and harness the skill and commitment of the work force.Mission statement is the articulation of company's mission. It represents the personality of company. In developing a mission statement the manager must answer the following questions: "Why does the organization exist?" "What business are we in?" "What customer do we serve?"When a mission statement is developed from this perspective, it provides a guide to decision making for all levels of management. Without a statement of mission, it is impossible for an organization to develop objectives and strategies.The second direction-setting step is to establish objectives for the organization to achieve. An organization's objectives depend on the particular organization and its mission. Therefore, objectives convert mission statement into specific performance targets. In this chapter I have explored objectives, looking at where the organization is going and considering why.In is not uncommon to see corporate objectives expressed in the areas of growth, profitability, market share, stakeholders welfare, and social responsibility. Therefore, in developing organizational objectives, managers should analyze trends, develop objectives for the organization as a whole, create a hierarchy of objectives, and specify individual objectives.Although mission and objectives are so fundamental, they should no be viewed as totally inflexible. Systematic reconsideration of mission and objectives is part of the strategic management process.Together mission and objectives comprise the third aspect of assessing strategic situation, which must be done before strategy alternatives are formulated.The strategy alternatives open to the organization are discussed in next Chapters.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
