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Nuclear EnergyCan you imagine running an automobile on 1 kg of fuel thatreleases almost 3 million times more energy than 1 L of gas? Whatcould supply so much energy from so little mass? The answer isthe nuclei of uranium atoms. Some of these nuclei are unstableand break apart, releasing enormous amounts of energy in theprocess. This energy can be used to generate electricity by heatingwater to produce steam that spins an electric generator, as shownin Figure 18. Because no fossil fuels are burned, generating electricityusing nuclear energy helps make the supply of fossil fuelslast longer. Also, unlike fossil fuel power plants, nuclear powerplants produce almost no air pollution. In one year, a typicalnuclear power plant generates enough energy to supply 600,000homes with power and produces only 1 m3 of waste.Nuclear WastesLike all energy sources, nuclear energy hasits advantages and disadvantages. One disadvantage is theamount of uranium in Earth’s crust is nonrenewable. Another isthat the waste produced by nuclear power plants is radioactiveand can be dangerous to living things. Some of the materials inthe nuclear waste will remain radioactive for many thousands ofyears. As a result the waste must be stored so no radioactivity isreleased into the environment for a long time. One method is toseal the waste in a ceramic material, place the ceramic in protectivecontainers, and then bury the containers far underground.However, the burial site would have to be chosen carefully sounderground water supplies aren’t contaminated. Also, the sitewould have to be safe from earthquakes and other natural disastersthat might cause radioactive material to be released.Figure 18 To obtain electricalenergy from nuclear energy, aseries of energy transformationsmust occur.
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