The Aisin Seiki CrisisAt 4:18 a.m. on Saturday, February 1, 1997, a fi terjemahan - The Aisin Seiki CrisisAt 4:18 a.m. on Saturday, February 1, 1997, a fi Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

The Aisin Seiki CrisisAt 4:18 a.m.

The Aisin Seiki Crisis

At 4:18 a.m. on Saturday, February 1, 1997, a fire erupted in Aisin’s Kariya plant number one. By 8:52 a.m., the lines dedicated to P-valves and to two other brake-related parts (clutch master cylinders and tandem master cylinders) were almost completely destroyed, along with special-purpose machinery and drills that could take months to reorder. The near destruction of the P-valve lines was potentially disastrous for Toyota; nearly all of its vehicles used Aisin P-valves manufactured exclusively at the Kariya plant, which turned out 32,500 P-valves a day for Toyota and other Toyota-group assemblers such as Hino and Daihatsu as well as for Mitsubishi, Suzuki, and Isuzu.

Used in all vehicles, P-valves control pressure on rear brakes to help prevent skidding. About the size of a pack of cigarettes, the part is mass-produced using dedicated transfer lines, which keeps costs down and ensures high productivity and reliability. Although structurally simple and inexpensive, costing only between ¥770 and ¥1,400 apiece, P-valves require complex, high-precision machining to ensure the reliability and durability essential to the safety of any brake system.

That Aisin was the sole supplier of this small but critical part was surprising to many in Japan. To reduce the risk of the very kind of disruption it was now confronting, Toyota had increased parallel sourcing. Its relationship with Aisin was distinctive, however.9 Aisin was one of Toyota’s closest suppliers in sales, personnel, and financial linkages; its outstanding cost, quality, and delivery performance record made it difficult to replace.10

Toyota suddenly found itself in crisis. As a result of JIT operations, only one day’s worth of P-valves were in immediate stock. Predictably, on Monday, February 3, when assembly lines were still running, Toyota announced the following days’ shutdown of twenty of its thirty assembly lines (including those of Toyota’s contract assemblers); from Tuesday, February 4, to Wednesday, February 5, practically all of Toyota’s and most of its related firms’ plants were closed, bringing to a halt almost the entire Toyota group.11 As a result, hundreds of tiered suppliers who would have to wait for the reopening of their clients’ plants to resume deliveries were also affected, as were local electricity, gas, and transportation companies. Such is the fragility of JIT: a surprise event can paralyze entire networks and even industries.12

Indeed, Toyota was facing one of the worst crises in its history.13 But on Tuesday, February 4, only three days after the fire, the first alternative volume P-valves (as opposed to prototype P-valves that had been delivered one day earlier) were rolling off temporary lines hastily set up by an Aisin supplier, Koritsu Sangyo, marking the beginning of the recovery process. As a result of this and many other firms’ efforts, by Thursday, February 6, Toyota’s Tahara and Hino’s Hamura plants were reopened, followed by the other car assembly plants affected the next day on a single-shift basis. By Monday, February 10, a little more than one week after the plant fire, all Toyota-group assembly plants were back to normal with production volumes of 13,000 to 14,000 vehicles per day. After another week, the plants were in full operation at the previously planned production volumes of 15,500 vehicles per day. At that time, the proportion of P-valves produced by Aisin itself was less than 10 percent of the total amount necessary; it gradually increased, however, reaching 60 percent by March 14 and almost 100 percent by the end of March. The bulk of the P-valve production was taking place at approximately sixty-two firms, including Koritsu Sangyo, which gave full priority to the restoration of P-valve production and often worked double shifts through weekends.

In total, the fire cost Aisin ¥7.8 billion and Toyota about 70,000 vehicles and ¥160 billion in revenues.14 Although Toyota officials claim to have recouped most of the lost vehicle production through increased overtime and holiday shifts, losses in the range of ¥20 billion to ¥30 billion were unavoidable, mainly because the creation of alternative P-valve sites was costly.15 In the end, however, Toyota and Aisin could only be grateful that group members achieved a rapid and effective recovery and averted what could have been a much more devastating incident.
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The Aisin Seiki CrisisAt 4:18 a.m. on Saturday, February 1, 1997, a fire erupted in Aisin’s Kariya plant number one. By 8:52 a.m., the lines dedicated to P-valves and to two other brake-related parts (clutch master cylinders and tandem master cylinders) were almost completely destroyed, along with special-purpose machinery and drills that could take months to reorder. The near destruction of the P-valve lines was potentially disastrous for Toyota; nearly all of its vehicles used Aisin P-valves manufactured exclusively at the Kariya plant, which turned out 32,500 P-valves a day for Toyota and other Toyota-group assemblers such as Hino and Daihatsu as well as for Mitsubishi, Suzuki, and Isuzu.Used in all vehicles, P-valves control pressure on rear brakes to help prevent skidding. About the size of a pack of cigarettes, the part is mass-produced using dedicated transfer lines, which keeps costs down and ensures high productivity and reliability. Although structurally simple and inexpensive, costing only between ¥770 and ¥1,400 apiece, P-valves require complex, high-precision machining to ensure the reliability and durability essential to the safety of any brake system.That Aisin was the sole supplier of this small but critical part was surprising to many in Japan. To reduce the risk of the very kind of disruption it was now confronting, Toyota had increased parallel sourcing. Its relationship with Aisin was distinctive, however.9 Aisin was one of Toyota’s closest suppliers in sales, personnel, and financial linkages; its outstanding cost, quality, and delivery performance record made it difficult to replace.10Toyota suddenly found itself in crisis. As a result of JIT operations, only one day’s worth of P-valves were in immediate stock. Predictably, on Monday, February 3, when assembly lines were still running, Toyota announced the following days’ shutdown of twenty of its thirty assembly lines (including those of Toyota’s contract assemblers); from Tuesday, February 4, to Wednesday, February 5, practically all of Toyota’s and most of its related firms’ plants were closed, bringing to a halt almost the entire Toyota group.11 As a result, hundreds of tiered suppliers who would have to wait for the reopening of their clients’ plants to resume deliveries were also affected, as were local electricity, gas, and transportation companies. Such is the fragility of JIT: a surprise event can paralyze entire networks and even industries.12Indeed, Toyota was facing one of the worst crises in its history.13 But on Tuesday, February 4, only three days after the fire, the first alternative volume P-valves (as opposed to prototype P-valves that had been delivered one day earlier) were rolling off temporary lines hastily set up by an Aisin supplier, Koritsu Sangyo, marking the beginning of the recovery process. As a result of this and many other firms’ efforts, by Thursday, February 6, Toyota’s Tahara and Hino’s Hamura plants were reopened, followed by the other car assembly plants affected the next day on a single-shift basis. By Monday, February 10, a little more than one week after the plant fire, all Toyota-group assembly plants were back to normal with production volumes of 13,000 to 14,000 vehicles per day. After another week, the plants were in full operation at the previously planned production volumes of 15,500 vehicles per day. At that time, the proportion of P-valves produced by Aisin itself was less than 10 percent of the total amount necessary; it gradually increased, however, reaching 60 percent by March 14 and almost 100 percent by the end of March. The bulk of the P-valve production was taking place at approximately sixty-two firms, including Koritsu Sangyo, which gave full priority to the restoration of P-valve production and often worked double shifts through weekends.In total, the fire cost Aisin ¥7.8 billion and Toyota about 70,000 vehicles and ¥160 billion in revenues.14 Although Toyota officials claim to have recouped most of the lost vehicle production through increased overtime and holiday shifts, losses in the range of ¥20 billion to ¥30 billion were unavoidable, mainly because the creation of alternative P-valve sites was costly.15 In the end, however, Toyota and Aisin could only be grateful that group members achieved a rapid and effective recovery and averted what could have been a much more devastating incident.
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The Aisin Seiki Krisis Pada 04:18 pada Sabtu, 1 Februari, 1997, api meletus di Aisin Kariya pabrik nomor satu. Oleh 08:52, garis didedikasikan untuk P-katup dan dua bagian-rem terkait lainnya (silinder kopling tuan dan master silinder tandem) yang hampir hancur, bersama dengan mesin tujuan khusus dan latihan yang dapat mengambil bulan untuk menyusun ulang. Kehancuran dekat garis P-katup itu berpotensi bencana bagi Toyota; hampir semua kendaraan yang digunakan Aisin P-katup diproduksi secara eksklusif di pabrik Kariya, yang ternyata 32.500 P-katup per hari untuk Toyota dan perakit Toyota-kelompok lain seperti Hino dan Daihatsu serta untuk Mitsubishi, Suzuki, dan Isuzu. digunakan di semua kendaraan, P-katup mengontrol tekanan rem belakang untuk membantu mencegah penyaradan. Tentang ukuran satu pak rokok, bagian ini diproduksi secara massal menggunakan jalur pengalihan khusus, yang membuat biaya turun dan memastikan produktivitas yang tinggi dan kehandalan. Meskipun secara struktural sederhana dan murah, biaya hanya antara ¥ 770 dan ¥ 1.400 masing-masing, P-katup memerlukan kompleks, mesin presisi tinggi untuk memastikan keandalan dan daya tahan yang penting untuk keselamatan sistem rem. Itu Aisin adalah satu-satunya pemasok kecil ini tapi bagian penting adalah mengejutkan banyak di Jepang. Untuk mengurangi risiko dari sangat baik dari gangguan itu sekarang menghadapi, Toyota telah meningkatkan sumber paralel. Hubungannya dengan Aisin adalah khas, however.9 Aisin adalah salah satu pemasok terdekat Toyota dalam penjualan, personil, dan hubungan keuangan; biaya yang luar biasa, kualitas, dan pengiriman rekor kinerjanya membuatnya sulit untuk replace.10 Toyota tiba-tiba menemukan dirinya dalam krisis. Sebagai hasil dari operasi JIT, nilainya hanya satu hari dari P-katup berada di saham langsung. Bisa ditebak, Senin, 3 Februari ketika jalur perakitan yang masih berjalan, Toyota mengumumkan penutupan hari-hari berikutnya 'dari dua puluh lini perakitan tiga puluh (termasuk Toyota perakit kontrak); Selasa, 4 Februari hingga Rabu, 5 Februari hampir semua Toyota dan sebagian besar tanaman perusahaan terkait 'ditutup, membawa berhenti hampir seluruh Toyota group.11 Akibatnya, ratusan pemasok berjenjang yang harus menunggu pembukaan kembali pabrik klien mereka untuk melanjutkan pengiriman juga terpengaruh, seperti perusahaan listrik, gas, dan transportasi lokal. Tersebut adalah kerapuhan JIT: acara kejutan dapat melumpuhkan seluruh jaringan dan bahkan industries.12 Memang, Toyota menghadapi salah satu krisis terburuk dalam history.13 nya Tapi pada hari Selasa, 4 Februari hanya tiga hari setelah kebakaran, pertama Volume alternatif P-katup (sebagai lawan untuk prototipe P-katup yang telah disampaikan satu hari sebelumnya) yang bergulir dari jalur sementara buru-buru didirikan oleh pemasok Aisin, Koritsu Sangyo, menandai awal dari proses pemulihan. Sebagai hasil dari ini dan upaya banyak perusahaan lain, pada hari Kamis, 6 Februari Toyota Tahara dan tanaman Hamura Hino yang dibuka kembali, diikuti oleh pabrik perakitan mobil lain terpengaruh pada hari berikutnya secara tunggal-shift. Senin, 10 Februari sedikit lebih dari satu minggu setelah kebakaran pabrik, semua pabrik perakitan Toyota-kelompok yang kembali normal dengan volume produksi 13.000 untuk 14.000 kendaraan per hari. Setelah seminggu lagi, tanaman yang beroperasi penuh pada volume produksi yang direncanakan sebelumnya dari 15.500 kendaraan per hari. Pada saat itu, proporsi P-katup yang diproduksi oleh Aisin itu sendiri adalah kurang dari 10 persen dari total jumlah yang diperlukan; secara bertahap meningkat, bagaimanapun, mencapai 60 persen pada bulan Maret 14 dan hampir 100 persen pada akhir Maret. Sebagian besar produksi P-katup mengambil tempat di sekitar enam puluh-dua perusahaan, termasuk Koritsu Sangyo, yang memberi prioritas penuh untuk pemulihan produksi P-katup dan dua shift sering bekerja melalui akhir pekan. Secara total, biaya api Aisin ¥ 7,8 miliar dan Toyota sekitar 70.000 kendaraan dan ¥ 160.000.000.000 di revenues.14 Meskipun pejabat Toyota mengklaim telah diperoleh kembali sebagian besar produksi kendaraan hilang melalui peningkatan lembur dan liburan pergeseran, kerugian di kisaran 30 ¥ 20 miliar untuk ¥ miliar yang tidak dapat dihindari, terutama karena penciptaan alternatif situs P-katup itu costly.15 Pada akhirnya, bagaimanapun, Toyota dan Aisin bisa hanya bersyukur bahwa anggota kelompok mencapai pemulihan yang cepat dan efektif dan dihindari apa yang bisa menjadi insiden yang jauh lebih dahsyat.











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