Chicken eggs in the early phase of

Chicken eggs in the early phase of breeding are between in vitro and in vivo systems and provide a vascular test environment not only to study angiogenesis but also to study tumorigenesis. After the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) has developed, its blood vessel network can be easily accessed, manipulated and observed and therefore provides an optimal setting for angiogenesis assays. Since the lymphoid system is not fully developed until late stages of incubation, the chick embryo serves as a naturally immunodeficient host capable of sustaining grafted tissues and cells without species-specific restrictions. In addition to nurturing developing allo- and xenografts, the CAM blood vessel network provides a uniquely supportive environment for tumor cell intravasation, dissemination, and vascular arrest and a repository where arrested cells extravasate to form micro metastatic foci.
For experimental purposes, in most of the recent studies the CAM was exposed by cutting a window through the egg shell and experiments were carried out in ovo, resulting in significant limitations in the accessibility of the CAM and possibilities for observation and photo documentation of effects. When shell-less cultures of the chick embryo were used1-4, no experimental details were provided and, if published at all, the survival rates of these cultures were low. We refined the method of ex ovo culture of chick embryos significantly by introducing a rationally controlled extrusion of the egg content. These ex ovo cultures enhance the accessibility of the CAM and chick embryo, enabling easy in vivo documentation of effects and facilitating experimental manipulation of the embryo. This allows the successful application to a large number of scientific questions: (1) As an improved angiogenesis assay5,6, (2) an experimental set up for facilitated injections in the vitreous of the chick embryo eye7-9, (3) as a test environment for dissemination and intravasation of dispersed tumor cells from established cell lines inoculated on the CAM10-12, (4) as an improved sustaining system for successful transplantation and culture of limb buds of chicken and mice13 as well as (5) for grafting, propagation, and re-grafting of solid primary tumor tissue obtained from biopsies on the surface of the CAM14.
In this video article we describe the establishment of a refined chick ex ovo culture and CAM assay with survival rates over 50%. Besides we provide a step by step demonstration of the successful application of the ex ovo culture for a large number of scientific applications.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Telur ayam di fase awal peternakan antara sistem secara in vitro dan in vivo dan menyediakan lingkungan pengujian vaskuler tidak hanya untuk belajar angiogenesis, tetapi juga untuk belajar tumorigenesis. Setelah cewek chorioallantoic membran (CAM) telah mengembangkan, Jaringan pembuluh darah dapat dengan mudah diakses, dimanipulasi dan diamati dan oleh karena itu menyediakan suasana yang optimal untuk tes angiogenesis. Karena sistem limfoid yang belum sepenuhnya dikembangkan sampai tahap akhir inkubasi, embrio cewek berfungsi sebagai tuan rumah alami imunodefisiensi mampu mempertahankan dicangkokkan jaringan dan sel-sel tanpa batasan species-specific. Selain memelihara mengembangkan allo - dan xenografts, Jaringan pembuluh darah CAM menyediakan lingkungan yang unik mendukung untuk tumor sel intravasation, penyebaran, dan penangkapan vaskular dan repositori mana sel-sel yang ditangkap extravasate ke bentuk mikro foci metastasis.For experimental purposes, in most of the recent studies the CAM was exposed by cutting a window through the egg shell and experiments were carried out in ovo, resulting in significant limitations in the accessibility of the CAM and possibilities for observation and photo documentation of effects. When shell-less cultures of the chick embryo were used1-4, no experimental details were provided and, if published at all, the survival rates of these cultures were low. We refined the method of ex ovo culture of chick embryos significantly by introducing a rationally controlled extrusion of the egg content. These ex ovo cultures enhance the accessibility of the CAM and chick embryo, enabling easy in vivo documentation of effects and facilitating experimental manipulation of the embryo. This allows the successful application to a large number of scientific questions: (1) As an improved angiogenesis assay5,6, (2) an experimental set up for facilitated injections in the vitreous of the chick embryo eye7-9, (3) as a test environment for dissemination and intravasation of dispersed tumor cells from established cell lines inoculated on the CAM10-12, (4) as an improved sustaining system for successful transplantation and culture of limb buds of chicken and mice13 as well as (5) for grafting, propagation, and re-grafting of solid primary tumor tissue obtained from biopsies on the surface of the CAM14.Dalam artikel ini video kami menjelaskan pembentukan cewek halus ex ovo budaya dan CAM assay dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup lebih dari 50%. Selain itu kami menyediakan langkah demi langkah demonstrasi penerapan ex ovo budaya untuk sejumlah besar aplikasi ilmiah.