Main control surfaces[edit]The main

Main control surfaces[edit]
The main control surfaces of a fixed-wing aircraft are attached to the airframe on hinges or tracks so they may move and thus deflect the air stream passing over them. This redirection of the air stream generates an unbalanced force to rotate the plane about the associated axis.


Flight control surfaces of Boeing 727
Ailerons[edit]
Main article: Aileron

Aileron surface
Ailerons are mounted on the trailing edge of each wing near the wingtips and move in opposite directions. When the pilot moves the stick left, or turns the wheel counter-clockwise, the left aileron goes up and the right aileron goes down. A raised aileron reduces lift on that wing and a lowered one increases lift, so moving the stick left causes the left wing to drop and the right wing to rise. This causes the aircraft to roll to the left and begin to turn to the left. Centering the stick returns the ailerons to neutral maintaining the bank angle. The aircraft will continue to turn until opposite aileron motion returns the bank angle to zero to fly straight.

Elevator[edit]
Main article: Elevator (aircraft)
The elevator is a moveable part of the horizontal stabilizer, hinged to the back of the fixed part of the horizontal tail. The elevators move up and down together. When the pilot pulls the stick backward, the elevators go up. Pushing the stick forward causes the elevators to go down. Raised elevators push down on the tail and cause the nose to pitch up. This makes the wings fly at a higher angle of attack, which generates more lift and more drag. Centering the stick returns the elevators to neutral and stops the change of pitch. Many aircraft use a fully moveable horizontal stabilizer called stabilator or all-moving tail. Some aircraft, such as an MD-80, use a servo tab within the elevator surface to aerodynamically move the main surface into position. The direction of travel of the control tab will thus be in a direction opposite to the main control surface. It is for this reason that an MD-80 tail looks like it has a 'split' elevator system.

In the canard arrangement, the elevators are hinged to the rear of a foreplane and move in the opposite sense, for example when the pilot pulls the stick back the elevators go down to increase the lift at the front and lift the nose up.

Rudder[edit]
Main article: Rudder § Aircraft rudders
The rudder is typically mounted on the trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer, part of the empennage. When the pilot pushes the left pedal, the rudder deflects left. Pushing the right pedal causes the rudder to deflect right. Deflecting the rudder right pushes the tail left and causes the nose to yaw to the right. Centering the rudder pedals returns the rudder to neutral and stops the yaw.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Kontrol utama permukaan [sunting]Permukaan kontrol utama pesawat sayap tetap melekat pada airframe pada engsel atau trek sehingga mereka dapat bergerak dan dengan demikian membelokkan aliran udara melewati mereka. Ini pengalihan aliran udara menghasilkan suatu kekuatan yang tidak seimbang untuk memutar pesawat tentang sumbu terkait.Permukaan kontrol penerbangan Boeing 727Ailerons [sunting]Artikel utama: AileronPermukaan aileronAilerons dipasang di sisi belakang setiap sayap dekat yang ujung sayap dan bergerak dalam arah yang berlawanan. Ketika pilot bergerak tongkat kiri, atau berubah roda berlawanan arah jarum jam, aileron kiri naik dan turun aileron tepat. Aileron mengangkat mengurangi mengangkat di sayap itu dan yang menurunkan meningkatkan angkat, sehingga bergerak tongkat meninggalkan penyebab sayap kiri untuk menjatuhkan dan sayap kanan akan meningkat. Hal ini menyebabkan pesawat untuk roll ke kiri dan mulai memutar ke kiri. Berpusat tongkat kembali ailerons netral mempertahankan sudut bank. Pesawat akan terus berubah sampai berlawanan aileron gerak kembali sudut bank menjadi nol untuk terbang langsung.Lift [sunting]Artikel utama: Lift (pesawat)The elevator is a moveable part of the horizontal stabilizer, hinged to the back of the fixed part of the horizontal tail. The elevators move up and down together. When the pilot pulls the stick backward, the elevators go up. Pushing the stick forward causes the elevators to go down. Raised elevators push down on the tail and cause the nose to pitch up. This makes the wings fly at a higher angle of attack, which generates more lift and more drag. Centering the stick returns the elevators to neutral and stops the change of pitch. Many aircraft use a fully moveable horizontal stabilizer called stabilator or all-moving tail. Some aircraft, such as an MD-80, use a servo tab within the elevator surface to aerodynamically move the main surface into position. The direction of travel of the control tab will thus be in a direction opposite to the main control surface. It is for this reason that an MD-80 tail looks like it has a 'split' elevator system.In the canard arrangement, the elevators are hinged to the rear of a foreplane and move in the opposite sense, for example when the pilot pulls the stick back the elevators go down to increase the lift at the front and lift the nose up.Rudder[edit]Main article: Rudder § Aircraft ruddersThe rudder is typically mounted on the trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer, part of the empennage. When the pilot pushes the left pedal, the rudder deflects left. Pushing the right pedal causes the rudder to deflect right. Deflecting the rudder right pushes the tail left and causes the nose to yaw to the right. Centering the rudder pedals returns the rudder to neutral and stops the yaw.