In the Catholic world prior to Gali

In the Catholic world prior to Galileo's conflict
with the Church, the majority of educated
people subscribed to the Aristotelian
geocentric view that the earth was the center
of the universe and that all heavenly bodies
revolved around the Earth, [53] despite the use
of Copernican theories to reform the calendar
in 1582. [54] Biblical references Psalm 93:1 ,
96:10 , and 1 Chronicles 16:30 include
text stating that "the world is firmly
established, it cannot be moved." In the same
manner, Psalm 104:5 says, "the Lord set
the earth on its foundations; it can never be
moved." Further, Ecclesiastes 1:5 states
that "And the sun rises and sets and returns
to its place." [55]
Galileo defended heliocentrism , and in his
Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina argued
that it was not contrary to biblical texts. He
took the Augustinian position that poetry,
songs, instructions or historical statements in
biblical texts need not always be interpreted
literally. Galileo argued that the authors wrote
from the perspective of the terrestrial world in
which the sun does rise and set, and
discussed a different kind of "movement" of
the earth, not rotations. [56] [ citation needed ]
By 1615 Galileo's writings on heliocentrism
had been submitted to the Roman Inquisition ,
and his efforts to interpret the Bible were
seen as a violation of the Council of Trent .[57]
Attacks on the ideas of Copernicus had
reached a head, and Galileo went to Rome to
defend himself and Copernican ideas. In
1616, an Inquisitorial commission unanimously
declared heliocentrism to be "foolish and
absurd in philosophy, and formally heretical
since it explicitly contradicts in many places
the sense of Holy Scripture." The Inquisition
found that the idea of the Earth's movement
"receives the same judgement in philosophy
and... in regard to theological truth it is at
least erroneous in faith." [58] (The original
document from the Inquisitorial commission
was made widely available in 2014. [59] )
Pope Paul V instructed Cardinal Bellarmine to
deliver this finding to Galileo, and to order
him to abandon the Copernican opinions. On
February 26, Galileo was called to
Bellarmine's residence and ordered
The decree of the Congregation of the Index
banned Copernicus's De Revolutionibus and
other heliocentric works until correction.[60]
Bellarmine's instructions did not prohibit
Galileo from discussing heliocentrism as a
mathematical fiction. [61]
For the next decade, Galileo stayed well away
from the controversy. He revived his project of
writing a book on the subject, encouraged by
the election of Cardinal Maffeo Barberini as
Pope Urban VIII in 1623. Barberini was a
friend and admirer of Galileo, and had
opposed the condemnation of Galileo in 1616.
Galileo's resulting book, Dialogue Concerning
the Two Chief World Systems , was published
in 1632, with formal authorization from the
Inquisition and papal permission.[62]
Earlier, Pope Urban VIII had personally asked
Galileo to give arguments for and against
heliocentrism in the book, and to be careful
not to advocate heliocentrism. He made
another request, that his own views on the
matter be included in Galileo's book. Only the
latter of those requests was fulfilled by
Galileo.
Whether unknowingly or deliberately,
Simplicio, the defender of the Aristotelian
geocentric view in Dialogue Concerning the
Two Chief World Systems , was often caught
in his own errors and sometimes came across
as a fool. Indeed, although Galileo states in
the preface of his book that the character is
named after a famous Aristotelian philosopher
( Simplicius in Latin, Simplicio in Italian), the
name "Simplicio" in Italian also has the
connotation of "simpleton". [63] This portrayal
of Simplicio made Dialogue Concerning the
Two Chief World Systems appear as an
advocacy book: an attack on Aristotelian
geocentrism and defence of the Copernican
theory. Unfortunately for his relationship with
the Pope, Galileo put the words of Urban VIII
into the mouth of Simplicio.
Most historians agree Galileo did not act out
of malice and felt blindsided by the reaction
to his book. [64] However, the Pope did not
take the suspected public ridicule lightly, nor
the Copernican advocacy.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Di dunia Katolik sebelum Galileo konflikdengan gereja, mayoritas berpendidikanorang-orang yang berlangganan AristotelesLihat bumi bahwa bumi adalah pusatalam semesta dan yang semua tubuh surgawiberputar mengelilingi bumi, [53] Meski pemakaianteori-teori Copernicus untuk mereformasi kalenderpada tahun 1582. [54] alkitabiah referensi Mazmur 93: 1,96:10, dan 1 Tawarikh 16:30 termasukteks yang menyatakan bahwa "dunia itu dengan tegasdidirikan, itu tidak dapat dipindahkan." Yang samacara, Mazmur 104:5 mengatakan, "Tuhan setbumi pada Yayasan; Hal ini tidak pernah dapatbergerak." Lebih lanjut, pengkhotbah 1:5 menyatakanyang "dan matahari terbit dan terbenam dan kembalike tempatnya." [55]Galileo membela heliosentrisme, dan dalamSurat kepada Christina Adipati berpendapatbahwa itu tidak bertentangan dengan teks-teks Alkitab. Iamengambil posisi Augustinian bahwa puisi,lagu, instruksi atau sejarah pernyataan dalamteks-teks Alkitab perlu tidak selalu berartisecara harfiah. Galileo berpendapat bahwa para penulis menulisdari sudut pandang dunia terestrialyang matahari bangkit dan diatur, dandibahas berbagai jenis "gerakan" daribumi, tidak rotasi. [56] [rujukan?]Oleh 1615 tulisan-tulisan Galileo di heliosentrismetelah diserahkan kepada Inkuisisi Roma,dan usahanya untuk menafsirkan Alkitabdilihat sebagai pelanggaran Sidang Trent. [57]Serangan terhadap ide-ide Copernicus telahmencapai kepala, dan Galileo pergi ke Roma untukdefend himself and Copernican ideas. In1616, an Inquisitorial commission unanimouslydeclared heliocentrism to be "foolish andabsurd in philosophy, and formally hereticalsince it explicitly contradicts in many placesthe sense of Holy Scripture." The Inquisitionfound that the idea of the Earth's movement"receives the same judgement in philosophyand... in regard to theological truth it is atleast erroneous in faith." [58] (The originaldocument from the Inquisitorial commissionwas made widely available in 2014. [59] )Pope Paul V instructed Cardinal Bellarmine todeliver this finding to Galileo, and to orderhim to abandon the Copernican opinions. OnFebruary 26, Galileo was called toBellarmine's residence and orderedThe decree of the Congregation of the Indexbanned Copernicus's De Revolutionibus andother heliocentric works until correction.[60]Bellarmine's instructions did not prohibitGalileo from discussing heliocentrism as amathematical fiction. [61]For the next decade, Galileo stayed well awayfrom the controversy. He revived his project ofwriting a book on the subject, encouraged bythe election of Cardinal Maffeo Barberini asPope Urban VIII in 1623. Barberini was afriend and admirer of Galileo, and hadopposed the condemnation of Galileo in 1616.Galileo's resulting book, Dialogue Concerningthe Two Chief World Systems , was publishedin 1632, with formal authorization from theInquisition and papal permission.[62]Earlier, Pope Urban VIII had personally askedGalileo to give arguments for and againstheliocentrism in the book, and to be carefulnot to advocate heliocentrism. He madeanother request, that his own views on thematter be included in Galileo's book. Only thelatter of those requests was fulfilled byGalileo.Whether unknowingly or deliberately,Simplicio, the defender of the Aristoteliangeocentric view in Dialogue Concerning theTwo Chief World Systems , was often caughtin his own errors and sometimes came acrossas a fool. Indeed, although Galileo states inthe preface of his book that the character isnamed after a famous Aristotelian philosopher( Simplicius in Latin, Simplicio in Italian), thename "Simplicio" in Italian also has theconnotation of "simpleton". [63] This portrayalof Simplicio made Dialogue Concerning theTwo Chief World Systems appear as anadvocacy book: an attack on Aristoteliangeocentrism and defence of the Copernicantheory. Unfortunately for his relationship withthe Pope, Galileo put the words of Urban VIIIinto the mouth of Simplicio.Most historians agree Galileo did not act outof malice and felt blindsided by the reactionto his book. [64] However, the Pope did nottake the suspected public ridicule lightly, northe Copernican advocacy.