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Diphtheria Yesterday and TodayIt’s hard to imagine how many lives were affected around the world before the diphtheria vaccine was available. In the United States, before there was treatment for diphtheria, up to half of the people who got the disease died from it. It’s safe to say that most families, at one time or another, experienced the horror of this disease in one of their young relatives.“Thanks to vaccines, diphtheria is very rare in the United States, and parents do not fear the sometimes fatal disease like previous generations did,” says Dr. Tejpratap Tiwari of CDC. “Today’s grandparents may remember having seen people with diphtheria, or even had the disease themselves.” In the past decade, there were less than five cases of diphtheria in the U.S. reported to CDC. Severe cases of diphtheria occurred among unvaccinated people or those who did not complete all the recommended doses of the vaccine. Why Do We Still Vaccinate? During the 1990s, a diphtheria outbreak in the Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union showed what could happen if the United States did not have such steady, high vaccination coverage among children year after year with the vaccine that prevents diphtheria. Every year, several thousand cases of diphtheria occur around the world,” says Dr. Doug Campos-Outcalt of the American Academy of Family Physicians. “If we stopped using vaccine in the United States, then unvaccinated people would be susceptible to the disease and it could easily come back. Just one unvaccinated U.S. resident traveling abroad and coming home infected could cause an epidemic.” The best way to protect children is with vaccination. “I cannot stress enough how important it is for parents to vaccinate their children on time with the DTaP vaccine,” adds CDC’s Dr. Tiwari.In the former Soviet states, from 1990 through 1998, there were more than 157,000 reported cases and 5,000 deaths from diphtheria. Experts think that several factors likely caused this diphtheria outbreak. Some states did not have high vaccination rates and an increase in travel made it easier for diphtheria to spread widely
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