- Teks
- Sejarah
herently combine virtually all of t
herently combine virtually all of the current symbol's energy. The DFE also has a
feedback section, which removes energy remaining from previously detected sym-
bols [10.30-321. The basic idea behind the DFE is that once an information symbol
has been detected, the ISI that it induces on future symbols can be estimated and
subtracted before the detection of subsequent symbols. (See Section 3.4.3.2.)
A maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer tests all pos-
sible data sequences (rather than detecting each received symbol by itself) and
chooses the data sequence that is the most probable of all the candidates. The
MLSE equalizer was first proposed by Forney [33) and implemented by using the
Viterbi decoding algorithm [34 The MLSE is optimal in the sense that it mini-
mizes the probability of a sequence error. Because the Viterbi decoding algorithm
is typically used in the implementation of the MLSE equalizer, this device is often
referred to as the Viterbi equalizer. Later in this chapter, we illustrate the adaptive
equalization performed in the Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communications
using the Viterbi equalizer.
Direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) techniques can be used to mitigate
frequency-selective ISI distortion because the hallmark of spread-spectrum sys-
tems is their capability to reject interference, and ISI is a type of interference. Con-
sider a DS/SS binary phase-shift keying (PSK) communication channel comprising
one direct path and one reflected path. Assume that the propagation from trans-
mitter to receiver results in a multipath wave that is delayed by compared with
the direct wave. Neglecting noise. the received signal can be expressed as
r(t) = Ax(Op(t)cos(27rjet) + aAx(t — t)p(t — t)cos(27rft + 0) (15.35)
where x(r) is the data signal, p(t) is the pseudonoise (PN) spread code, and T is the
differential time delay between the two paths. The angle 0 is a random phase, as-
sumed to be uniformly distributed in the range (0. 2n). and a is the attenuation of
the multipath signal relative to the direct path signal. The receiver multiples the in-
coming r(t) by the code p(t). If the receiver is synchronized to the direct path sig-
nal, multiplication by the code signal yields
feedback section, which removes energy remaining from previously detected sym-
bols [10.30-321. The basic idea behind the DFE is that once an information symbol
has been detected, the ISI that it induces on future symbols can be estimated and
subtracted before the detection of subsequent symbols. (See Section 3.4.3.2.)
A maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer tests all pos-
sible data sequences (rather than detecting each received symbol by itself) and
chooses the data sequence that is the most probable of all the candidates. The
MLSE equalizer was first proposed by Forney [33) and implemented by using the
Viterbi decoding algorithm [34 The MLSE is optimal in the sense that it mini-
mizes the probability of a sequence error. Because the Viterbi decoding algorithm
is typically used in the implementation of the MLSE equalizer, this device is often
referred to as the Viterbi equalizer. Later in this chapter, we illustrate the adaptive
equalization performed in the Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communications
using the Viterbi equalizer.
Direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) techniques can be used to mitigate
frequency-selective ISI distortion because the hallmark of spread-spectrum sys-
tems is their capability to reject interference, and ISI is a type of interference. Con-
sider a DS/SS binary phase-shift keying (PSK) communication channel comprising
one direct path and one reflected path. Assume that the propagation from trans-
mitter to receiver results in a multipath wave that is delayed by compared with
the direct wave. Neglecting noise. the received signal can be expressed as
r(t) = Ax(Op(t)cos(27rjet) + aAx(t — t)p(t — t)cos(27rft + 0) (15.35)
where x(r) is the data signal, p(t) is the pseudonoise (PN) spread code, and T is the
differential time delay between the two paths. The angle 0 is a random phase, as-
sumed to be uniformly distributed in the range (0. 2n). and a is the attenuation of
the multipath signal relative to the direct path signal. The receiver multiples the in-
coming r(t) by the code p(t). If the receiver is synchronized to the direct path sig-
nal, multiplication by the code signal yields
0/5000
herently menggabungkan hampir semua simbol saat ini energi. DFE juga memiliki umpan balik bagian, yang menghilangkan energi yang tersisa dari sebelumnya terdeteksi sym- Bols [10.30-321. Ide dasar dibalik DFE adalah bahwa sekali simbol informasi telah terdeteksi, ISI yang menginduksi pada masa depan simbol dapat diperkirakan dan dikurangi sebelum deteksi simbol berikutnya. (Lihat bagian 3.4.3.2.) Equalizer estimasi (MLSE) maksimum-kemungkinan urutan tes semua pos- Sible urutan data (bukan mendeteksi masing-masing simbol diterima dengan sendirinya) dan memilih urutan data yang paling mungkin dari semua kandidat. The MLSE equalizer ini pertama kali diusulkan oleh Forney [33) dan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Viterbi decoding algoritma [34 The MLSE optimal dalam arti bahwa itu mini- mizes kemungkinan kesalahan urutan. Karena algoritma decoding Viterbi biasanya digunakan dalam pelaksanaan MLSE equalizer, perangkat ini adalah sering dirujuk sebagai Viterbi equalizer. Kemudian dalam bab ini, kami menggambarkan adaptif pemerataan dilakukan dalam sistem Global untuk komunikasi Mobile (GSM) menggunakan Viterbi equalizer. Langsung-urutan teknik spektrum sebar (DS/SS) dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi frekuensi-selektif ISI distorsi karena ciri khas spektrum sebar sys - Tems adalah kemampuan mereka untuk menolak gangguan, dan ISI adalah jenis gangguan. Mem- Sider DS/SS pergeseran fasa biner keying (PSK) komunikasi saluran terdiri dari jalur langsung satu dan satu jalur pantulan. Berasumsi bahwa penyebaran dari trans - mitter untuk penerima hasil dalam gelombang multipath yang tertunda oleh dibandingkan dengan gelombang langsung. Mengabaikan kebisingan. sinyal yang diterima dapat dinyatakan sebagai r(t) = Ax(Op(t)cos(27rjet) + aAx(t — t) p(t — t) cos(27rft + 0) (15.35)mana x(r) adalah sinyal data, p(t) kode pseudonoise (PN) menyebar, dan T adalah diferensial waktu penundaan antara dua jalan. Sudut 0 adalah fase acak, seperti- sumed untuk seragam didistribusikan di kisaran (0. 2n). dan adalah redaman sinyal multipath relatif terhadap sinyal jalur langsung. Penerima kelipatan di - r(t) datang dengan kode p(t). Jika penerima disinkronisasi dengan jalur langsung sig- Nal, perkalian oleh kode sinyal menghasilkan
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
herently combine virtually all of the current symbol's energy. The DFE also has a
feedback section, which removes energy remaining from previously detected sym-
bols [10.30-321. The basic idea behind the DFE is that once an information symbol
has been detected, the ISI that it induces on future symbols can be estimated and
subtracted before the detection of subsequent symbols. (See Section 3.4.3.2.)
A maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer tests all pos-
sible data sequences (rather than detecting each received symbol by itself) and
chooses the data sequence that is the most probable of all the candidates. The
MLSE equalizer was first proposed by Forney [33) and implemented by using the
Viterbi decoding algorithm [34 The MLSE is optimal in the sense that it mini-
mizes the probability of a sequence error. Because the Viterbi decoding algorithm
is typically used in the implementation of the MLSE equalizer, this device is often
referred to as the Viterbi equalizer. Later in this chapter, we illustrate the adaptive
equalization performed in the Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communications
using the Viterbi equalizer.
Direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) techniques can be used to mitigate
frequency-selective ISI distortion because the hallmark of spread-spectrum sys-
tems is their capability to reject interference, and ISI is a type of interference. Con-
sider a DS/SS binary phase-shift keying (PSK) communication channel comprising
one direct path and one reflected path. Assume that the propagation from trans-
mitter to receiver results in a multipath wave that is delayed by compared with
the direct wave. Neglecting noise. the received signal can be expressed as
r(t) = Ax(Op(t)cos(27rjet) + aAx(t — t)p(t — t)cos(27rft + 0) (15.35)
where x(r) is the data signal, p(t) is the pseudonoise (PN) spread code, and T is the
differential time delay between the two paths. The angle 0 is a random phase, as-
sumed to be uniformly distributed in the range (0. 2n). and a is the attenuation of
the multipath signal relative to the direct path signal. The receiver multiples the in-
coming r(t) by the code p(t). If the receiver is synchronized to the direct path sig-
nal, multiplication by the code signal yields
feedback section, which removes energy remaining from previously detected sym-
bols [10.30-321. The basic idea behind the DFE is that once an information symbol
has been detected, the ISI that it induces on future symbols can be estimated and
subtracted before the detection of subsequent symbols. (See Section 3.4.3.2.)
A maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer tests all pos-
sible data sequences (rather than detecting each received symbol by itself) and
chooses the data sequence that is the most probable of all the candidates. The
MLSE equalizer was first proposed by Forney [33) and implemented by using the
Viterbi decoding algorithm [34 The MLSE is optimal in the sense that it mini-
mizes the probability of a sequence error. Because the Viterbi decoding algorithm
is typically used in the implementation of the MLSE equalizer, this device is often
referred to as the Viterbi equalizer. Later in this chapter, we illustrate the adaptive
equalization performed in the Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communications
using the Viterbi equalizer.
Direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) techniques can be used to mitigate
frequency-selective ISI distortion because the hallmark of spread-spectrum sys-
tems is their capability to reject interference, and ISI is a type of interference. Con-
sider a DS/SS binary phase-shift keying (PSK) communication channel comprising
one direct path and one reflected path. Assume that the propagation from trans-
mitter to receiver results in a multipath wave that is delayed by compared with
the direct wave. Neglecting noise. the received signal can be expressed as
r(t) = Ax(Op(t)cos(27rjet) + aAx(t — t)p(t — t)cos(27rft + 0) (15.35)
where x(r) is the data signal, p(t) is the pseudonoise (PN) spread code, and T is the
differential time delay between the two paths. The angle 0 is a random phase, as-
sumed to be uniformly distributed in the range (0. 2n). and a is the attenuation of
the multipath signal relative to the direct path signal. The receiver multiples the in-
coming r(t) by the code p(t). If the receiver is synchronized to the direct path sig-
nal, multiplication by the code signal yields
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
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