Emotional Proof: Striking a Responsive Chord Recent scholarship sugges terjemahan - Emotional Proof: Striking a Responsive Chord Recent scholarship sugges Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Emotional Proof: Striking a Respons

Emotional Proof: Striking a Responsive Chord
Recent scholarship suggests that Aristotle was quite skeptical about the emotionladen public oratory typical of his era.
8
He preferred the reason-based discussion
characteristic of relatively small councils and executive deliberative bodies. Yet
he understood that public rhetoric, if practiced ethically, benefits society. Thus,
Aristotle set forth a theory of pathos. He offered it not to take advantage of an
audience’s destructive emotions, but as a corrective measure that could help a
speaker craft emotional appeals that inspire reasoned civic decision making. To
this end, he cataloged a series of opposite feelings, then explained the conditions
under which each mood is experienced, and finally described how the speaker
can get an audience to feel that way. Aristotle scholar and translator George
Kennedy claims that this analysis of pathos is “the earliest systematic discussion
of human psychology.”
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If Aristotle’s advice sounds familiar, it may be a sign
that human nature hasn’t changed much in the last 2,300 years.
Anger versus Mildness. Aristotle’s discussion of anger was an early version of Freud’s frustration–aggression hypothesis. People feel angry when they
are thwarted in their attempt to fulfill a need. Remind them of interpersonal
slights, and they’ll become irate. Show them that the offender is sorry, deserves
praise, or has great power, and the audience will calm down.
Love or Friendship versus Hatred. Consistent with present-day research on
attraction, Aristotle considered similarity the key to mutual warmth. The speaker
should point out common goals, experiences, attitudes, and desires. In the absence
of these positive forces, a common enemy can be used to create solidarity.
Fear versus Confidence. Fear comes from a mental image of potential
disaster. The speaker should paint a vivid word picture of the tragedy, showing
that its occurrence is probable. Confidence can be built up by describing the
danger as remote.
Indignation versus Pity. We all have a built-in sense of fairness. As the
producers of 60 Minutesprove weekly, it’s easy to arouse a sense of injustice by
describing an arbitrary use of power upon those who are helpless.
Admiration versus Envy. People admire moral virtue, power, wealth, and
beauty. By demonstrating that an individual has acquired life’s goods through
hard work rather than mere luck, admiration will increase.
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Emotional Proof: Striking a Responsive Chord Recent scholarship suggests that Aristotle was quite skeptical about the emotionladen public oratory typical of his era. 8He preferred the reason-based discussion characteristic of relatively small councils and executive deliberative bodies. Yet he understood that public rhetoric, if practiced ethically, benefits society. Thus, Aristotle set forth a theory of pathos. He offered it not to take advantage of an audience’s destructive emotions, but as a corrective measure that could help a speaker craft emotional appeals that inspire reasoned civic decision making. To this end, he cataloged a series of opposite feelings, then explained the conditions under which each mood is experienced, and finally described how the speaker can get an audience to feel that way. Aristotle scholar and translator George Kennedy claims that this analysis of pathos is “the earliest systematic discussion of human psychology.” 9If Aristotle’s advice sounds familiar, it may be a sign that human nature hasn’t changed much in the last 2,300 years. Anger versus Mildness. Aristotle’s discussion of anger was an early version of Freud’s frustration–aggression hypothesis. People feel angry when they are thwarted in their attempt to fulfill a need. Remind them of interpersonal slights, and they’ll become irate. Show them that the offender is sorry, deserves praise, or has great power, and the audience will calm down. Love or Friendship versus Hatred. Consistent with present-day research on attraction, Aristotle considered similarity the key to mutual warmth. The speaker should point out common goals, experiences, attitudes, and desires. In the absence of these positive forces, a common enemy can be used to create solidarity. Fear versus Confidence. Fear comes from a mental image of potential disaster. The speaker should paint a vivid word picture of the tragedy, showing that its occurrence is probable. Confidence can be built up by describing the danger as remote. Indignation versus Pity. We all have a built-in sense of fairness. As the producers of 60 Minutesprove weekly, it’s easy to arouse a sense of injustice by describing an arbitrary use of power upon those who are helpless. Admiration versus Envy. People admire moral virtue, power, wealth, and beauty. By demonstrating that an individual has acquired life’s goods through hard work rather than mere luck, admiration will increase.
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Emosional Bukti: Menyerang Responsif Chord
beasiswa terbaru menunjukkan bahwa Aristoteles cukup skeptis tentang pidato publik emotionladen khas jamannya.
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Ia lebih suka diskusi-alasan berdasarkan
karakteristik dewan yang relatif kecil dan badan-badan deliberatif eksekutif. Namun
ia mengerti bahwa retorika publik, jika dipraktekkan secara etis, manfaat masyarakat. Dengan demikian,
Aristoteles ditetapkan teori pathos. Dia menawarkan tidak mengambil keuntungan dari
emosi destruktif penonton, tapi sebagai tindakan korektif yang bisa membantu
kerajinan speaker banding emosional yang menginspirasi beralasan pengambilan keputusan sipil. Untuk
tujuan ini, ia katalog serangkaian perasaan yang berlawanan, kemudian menjelaskan kondisi
di mana setiap suasana hati yang dialami, dan akhirnya menggambarkan bagaimana pembicara
bisa mendapatkan penonton untuk merasa seperti itu. Sarjana Aristoteles dan penerjemah George
Kennedy mengklaim bahwa analisis ini pathos adalah "sistematika pembahasan awal
psikologi manusia. "
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Jika saran Aristoteles terdengar akrab, mungkin menjadi tanda
bahwa sifat manusia tidak banyak berubah dalam 2.300 tahun terakhir.
Kemarahan dibandingkan Mildness. Diskusi Aristoteles kemarahan adalah versi awal dari Freud frustrasi-agresi hipotesis. Orang-orang merasa marah ketika mereka
digagalkan dalam upaya mereka untuk memenuhi kebutuhan. Ingatkan mereka interpersonal
penghinaan, dan mereka akan menjadi marah. Menunjukkan kepada mereka bahwa pelaku menyesal, layak
pujian, atau memiliki kekuatan besar, dan penonton akan tenang.
Cinta atau Persahabatan dibandingkan Kebencian. Konsisten dengan penelitian masa kini tentang
objek wisata, Aristoteles dianggap kesamaan kunci saling kehangatan. Pembicara
harus menunjukkan tujuan bersama, pengalaman, sikap, dan keinginan. Dengan tidak adanya
dari kekuatan-kekuatan positif, musuh bersama dapat digunakan untuk membuat solidaritas.
Takut terhadap Keyakinan. Ketakutan berasal dari citra mental potensi
bencana. Pembicara harus melukis gambar kata yang jelas tentang tragedi itu, menunjukkan
bahwa kejadian tersebut kemungkinan. Keyakinan dapat dibangun dengan menjelaskan
bahaya seperti jarak jauh.
Kemarahan terhadap Sayang. Kita semua memiliki built-in rasa keadilan. Sebagai
produsen 60 Minutesprove mingguan, mudah untuk membangkitkan rasa ketidakadilan dengan
menggambarkan penggunaan sewenang-wenang kekuasaan atas orang-orang yang tak berdaya.
Kekaguman terhadap Envy. Orang mengagumi kebajikan moral, kekuasaan, kekayaan, dan
keindahan. Dengan menunjukkan bahwa seorang individu telah mengakuisisi barang hidup melalui
kerja keras daripada sekedar keberuntungan, kekaguman akan meningkat.
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