In Economy and Society, Max Weber created three models of legitimacy for the topic of political obligation andwhy one should obey the state: tradition, charisma, and legal-rational. The second model is personalistic andemphasizes the right and power of a “special” individual, which Weber identifies as “charisma.” This articleexplores the meaning and types of “charisma” by applying features of Weber’s theory of “charismaticleadership” to Muslim leaders in contemporary Indonesian politics. It offers an analysis of how Weber’s notionsmight inform how we generally think about Muslim intellectuals, politicians or government officials, organizationleaders, and scholars. In addition to its applications, this article identifies limitations of Weber’s theories andpotential areas in need of further research. Investigating the relationship between “charisma” and leadership ina specific country case can offer insights for clarifying certain political concepts and shaping future theorybuilding,data collection, and testing.
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