History[edit]The first US patent fo

History[edit]
The first US patent for an axle counter was filed on 3 June 1960 by Ernst Hofstetter and Kurt Haas.[6]

Axle counting initially started with treadle-like mechanisms. They consisted of a mechanical contact device mounted on the inside of the foot of rail; the wheel flange running over the device actuated a lever. However they were susceptible to errors and were replaced in Europe at the end of the 19th Century by hydraulic rail contacts.[7]

Hydraulic rail contacts were actuated by the deflection of the rail caused by axle load running over the tracks. The first cylinders were filled with mercury; later hydraulic oil was used. They were then replaced by pneumatically operated switching elements.[7]

In pneumatic axle counting systems, pistons were actuated by specific loads and speeds. They proved limited in application, and therefore from the 1950s onwards were replaced by magnetic contacts.[7] Up until that point, Track Circuits always had a big edge when it came to reliability.

Magnetic contacts were the first contactless switching devices. They were known as "axle counting magnets". The iron wheel flanges triggered an actuation by interrupting a magnetic field. Hofstetter and Haas' patent was of this type.[6] During this time, inductive methods were also being produced based on transformers. During the 1970s, developments in the electronics field as well as the introduction of integrated circuits allowed the design of the axle counters currently used.[7]

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Sejarah [sunting]
Paten AS pertama untuk poros meja diajukan pada tanggal 3 Juni 1960 oleh Ernst Hofstetter dan Kurt Haas. [6] penghitungan Gandar awalnya dimulai dengan mekanisme pedal-seperti. Mereka terdiri dari perangkat mekanis kontak dipasang di bagian dalam kaki rel; flens roda berjalan di atas perangkat ditekan tuas. Namun mereka rentan terhadap kesalahan dan digantikan di Eropa pada akhir abad ke-19 oleh kontak rel hidrolik. [7] kontak rel hidrolik yang digerakkan oleh defleksi rel disebabkan oleh beban gandar berjalan atas trek. Silinder pertama diisi dengan air raksa; kemudian oli hidrolik digunakan. Mereka kemudian digantikan oleh unsur-unsur beralih pneumatik dioperasikan. [7] Dalam sistem penghitungan poros pneumatik, piston yang digerakkan oleh beban dan kecepatan tertentu. Mereka terbukti terbatas dalam aplikasi, dan karena itu dari tahun 1950 dan seterusnya digantikan oleh kontak magnetik. [7] Sampai saat itu, Track Sirkuit selalu memiliki keunggulan besar ketika datang ke keandalan. Kontak Magnetic adalah contactless pertama perangkat switching. Mereka dikenal sebagai "magnet menghitung poros". Flens roda besi memicu digerakkan oleh mengganggu medan magnet. Hofstetter dan Haas 'paten adalah dari jenis ini. [6] Selama waktu ini, metode induktif juga sedang diproduksi berdasarkan transformator. Selama tahun 1970-an, perkembangan di bidang elektronik serta pengenalan sirkuit terpadu memungkinkan desain counter poros saat ini digunakan. [7]