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Perfect competition
Competition, in economics, is conditions that are present in markets where buyers and sellers interact to establish prices and exchange foods and service. Economic competition is the means where by the self-interest of buyers and sellers acts to serve the needs of society as well as those of individual market participants. Society is served when the maximum number of goods is produced at the lowest possible prices.
The theoretical idea developed by economists to establish the conditions under which competition would achieve maximum effectiveness is known as “perfect” competition. Although rarely possible, perfect competition, as a concept, provides a useful benchmark for evaluating performance in actual markets. Perfect competition exists when (1) an industry has a large number of business firm as well as buyers; (2) the firm on the average are small; and (3) buyers and sellers have complete knowledge of all transactions within the market. The practical significance of a large number of small firms and many buyers is that the power to influence the behavior of the participants in the market is thoroughly dispersed. In the words, no single person or business has the power to dictate the terms on which the exchange of goods and services takes place. Market results then are truly impersonal. Under conditions of perfect competition, economists contend, goods and service would be produced as efficiently as possible-that is, the lowest possible price and cost-and consumer would get the maximum amount of the goods and services they desire.
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