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Data Estimation Procedure
This study has used the recent autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing procedure developed by Pesaran et al [32] to examine the cointegration (long run) relationship between inflation and its determinants (in particular, between inflation and exchange rate). The choice of this test is based on the following considerations. First unlike most other conventional multivariate cointegration procedures, which are valid for large samples, the bound test is suitable for a small sample size study [15]. Given that our sample size is limited with total 23 observations only, this approach will be appropriate. Secondly, the bound test does not impose a restrictive assumption that all the variables under study must be integrated of the same order. The F-test has a nonstandard distribution and depends on: whether the variables included in the ARDL model are I(0) or I(1); the number of regressors in the system; and whether the ARDL contain an intercept and / or a trend. According to Pesaran et al [32], to apply the bounds test procedure, a conditional Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) of interest can be specified to test the cointegration relationship between inflation, exchange rate, money supply government expenditure and real GDP variables as equation 3 has shown.
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