appraisal
An archaeological evaluation and assessment of effects begins with a review of relevant previous work and information already on record. This process may be undertaken as a distinct stage in the assessment process or as the essential first part of an evaluation. Except in exceptional circumstances, this research should be completed before any fieldwork is undertaken, as it will help give direction to the fieldwork to follow.
An appraisal or initial information review involves checking development proposals to identify potential risks to archaeological sites. This is essentially a preliminary screening mechanism using archaeological expertise, existing records, and identification of any archaeologically sensitive areas as a guide to the presence or likely presence of sites within the area of proposed development. Documentary evidence may also be important for identifying and assessing possible impacts on 19th and 20th century historic places. The appraisal must begin with a review of information on sites already on record in the New Zealand Archaeological Association Site Recording Scheme before any fieldwork is started.
Preliminary research should establish what is already known about the area, including the adequacy of the existing site records and plans, and identify any gaps in information. As information in the New Zealand Archaeological Association Site Recording Scheme is constantly being added to and updated, a check needs to be made anew for each project. Relevant written and other sources of information on the survey area should be consulted. These may include, but are not restricted to:
• Published accounts of the Maori oral traditions of an area;
• Early historical accounts;
• Early maps and surveyors’ field books;
• Photographs;
• Local histories;
• Published and unpublished archaeological surveys;
• Theses.
In using these and other resources, the key questions are:
• How much information is required?
• What are the gaps in existing knowledge?
What are the main research questions?
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