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MATERIALS AND METHODSAnimals and management: The study was undertakenfollowing the guidelines of the Research Policy of theUniversity Putra Malaysia on animal ethics. Thirty-twomale goats (13.0±0.3 kg), 8 months old, were treatedagainst internal and external parasites and used in anexperiment lasting 16 weeks, including a 2 weeksadaptation period. Goats were housed individually1.3×0.9 m pens. The goats were assigned to fourexperimental groups of eight animals each. Each groupwas fed one of the four isocaloric and isonitrogenousdiets (Table 1): (1) basal diet-control (CN), (2) basal +vitamin E (VE; 400 mg per kg of dietary dry matter),(3) basal + 0.5 % (w/w) of turmeric (Curcumin longa)powder (TU) and (4) basal + 0.5 % (w/w) ofAndrographis paniculata Powder (AP). TheA. paniculata was harvested and processed in the earlyblooming stage as described by Tipakorn et al. (2003).The whole plant was oven dried at 49°C for 72 h andground to pass a 3 mm sieve, packed in airless plasticbags and kept in a cool place. Food-grade pureturmeric powder (100%) was purchased from theBaba’s Products Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Vitamin E was dl-a-tocopheryl acetate (BASF,Lutavit, Germany). The diets were prepared weekly astotal mixed rations and animals consumed diets ad libitumdaily. The goats were weighed monthly Feed intakesand feed refusals were collected and recorded daily.
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