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INTRODUCTION:Sustained release oral

INTRODUCTION:
Sustained release oral dosage forms are in the
focus of interest for several reasons. Customer compliance
with the trend to simplicity and more comfort of use, the
prolonged drug release with more reliable blood levels
than those obtained with conventional dosage forms and
life-cycle management of existing API’s directed the
pharmaceutical development towards sustained release
formulations. The basic rationale for sustained drug
delivery is to alter the pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics of pharmacologically active moieties by
using novel drug delivery system or by modifying the
molecular structure and /or physiological parameters
inherent in a selected route of administration1. Ethyl
cellulose and polyvinyl acetate can be used as matrix
materials. The matrix may be tableted by direct
compression.
Mefenamic acid, an anthranilic acid derivative, is a
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI), antipyretic, and
analgesic agent that is used for the relief of postoperative
and traumatic inflammation and swelling, antiphlogistic
and analgesic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and
antipyretic in acute respiratory tract infection2.
Mefenamic acid solubility in water is 0.04 mg mL–1.
Mefenamic acid is rapidly absorbed after oral
administration. Following a single 1 gram oral dose, mean
peak plasma levels ranging from 10 to 20 mg mL–1 have
been reported. Peak plasma levels are attained in 2 to 4
hours and the elimination half-life approximates 2 hours.
The short biological half-life of 2 h following oral dosing
necessitates frequent administration of the drug in order
to maintain the desired steady state levels3-5.
Moreover, dosage regimens involving conventional
oral dosage forms require drug administration three or
four times daily to maintain adequate therapeutic
effectiveness, with inherent problems associated with
patient compliance. In addition, conventional dosage forms
do not protect patients against morning joint stiffness
common in rheumatoid disease states. Thus the
development and clinical use of sustained or controlled
release dosage forms of NSAIDs may have several
advantages over the use of conventional formulations,
such as reduction of side effects, prolongation of drug
action and improvement of bioavailability and patient
compliance.
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INTRODUCTION:Sustained release oral dosage forms are in thefocus of interest for several reasons. Customer compliancewith the trend to simplicity and more comfort of use, theprolonged drug release with more reliable blood levelsthan those obtained with conventional dosage forms andlife-cycle management of existing API’s directed thepharmaceutical development towards sustained releaseformulations. The basic rationale for sustained drugdelivery is to alter the pharmacokinetics andpharmacodynamics of pharmacologically active moieties byusing novel drug delivery system or by modifying themolecular structure and /or physiological parametersinherent in a selected route of administration1. Ethylcellulose and polyvinyl acetate can be used as matrixmaterials. The matrix may be tableted by directcompression.Mefenamic acid, an anthranilic acid derivative, is anonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI), antipyretic, andanalgesic agent that is used for the relief of postoperativeand traumatic inflammation and swelling, antiphlogisticand analgesic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, andantipyretic in acute respiratory tract infection2.Mefenamic acid solubility in water is 0.04 mg mL–1.Mefenamic acid is rapidly absorbed after oraladministration. Following a single 1 gram oral dose, meanpeak plasma levels ranging from 10 to 20 mg mL–1 havebeen reported. Peak plasma levels are attained in 2 to 4jam dan penghapusan paruh kira-kira 2 jam.Pendek paruh hayati selama 2 h mengikuti dosis oralmemerlukan sering administrasi obat dalam rangkauntuk menjaga kondisi mapan yang diinginkan levels3-5.Selain itu, regimen dosis melibatkan konvensionalbentuk sediaan oral memerlukan obat administrasi tiga atauempat kali sehari untuk mempertahankan memadai terapiefektivitas, dengan melekat masalah yang terkait denganpasien kepatuhan. Selain itu, bentuk sediaan konvensionaltidak melindungi pasien melawan pagi kekakuan sendiumum di negara-negara penyakit rematik. Dengan demikianpengembangan dan penggunaan klinis berkelanjutan atau dikontrolbentuk sediaan rilis NSAID mungkin memiliki beberapakeunggulan penggunaan formula konvensional,seperti pengurangan efek samping, perpanjangan obattindakan dan peningkatan ketersediaanhayati dan pasienkepatuhan.
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PENDAHULUAN:
rilis berkelanjutan bentuk sediaan oral dalam
fokus yang menarik karena beberapa alasan. Kepatuhan pelanggan
dengan kecenderungan untuk kesederhanaan dan kenyamanan lebih penggunaan,
pelepasan obat berkepanjangan dengan tingkat darah lebih dapat diandalkan
daripada yang diperoleh dengan bentuk sediaan konvensional dan
manajemen siklus hidup yang ada API diarahkan
pengembangan farmasi menuju rilis berkelanjutan
formulasi. Alasan dasar untuk obat berkelanjutan
pengiriman adalah untuk mengubah farmakokinetik dan
farmakodinamik dari gugus aktif secara farmakologi dengan
menggunakan sistem pengiriman obat baru atau dengan memodifikasi
struktur molekul dan / atau parameter fisiologis
yang melekat dalam rute yang dipilih dari administration1. Etil
selulosa dan polivinil asetat dapat digunakan sebagai matriks
bahan. Matriks mungkin tableted oleh langsung
kompresi.
Mefenamat Asam, turunan asam antranilat, adalah
non-steroid anti-inflammatory (NSAI), antipiretik, dan
agen analgesik yang digunakan untuk menghilangkan pasca operasi
dan peradangan traumatis dan pembengkakan, antiphlogistic
dan pengobatan analgesik rheumatoid arthritis, dan
antipiretik di infection2 saluran pernapasan akut.
mefenamat kelarutan asam dalam air adalah 0,04 mg mL-1.
asam mefenamat cepat diserap setelah lisan
administrasi. Setelah dosis tunggal oral 1 gram, berarti
kadar plasma puncak mulai dari 10 sampai 20 mg mL-1 telah
dilaporkan. Kadar plasma puncak tercapai dalam 2 sampai 4
jam dan paruh eliminasi mendekati 2 jam.
Pendek biologis paruh 2 jam setelah dosis oral
mengharuskan sering pemberian obat dalam rangka
untuk mempertahankan diinginkan levels3-5 steady state.
Selain itu, rejimen dosis yang melibatkan konvensional
bentuk sediaan oral memerlukan pemberian obat tiga atau
empat kali sehari untuk mempertahankan terapi yang memadai
efektivitas, dengan masalah yang melekat terkait dengan
kepatuhan pasien. Selain itu, bentuk sediaan konvensional
tidak melindungi pasien terhadap pagi kekakuan sendi
umum di negara-negara penyakit arthritis. Dengan demikian
pengembangan dan penggunaan klinis berkelanjutan atau dikendalikan
bentuk rilis dosis NSAID mungkin memiliki beberapa
keunggulan dibandingkan penggunaan formulasi konvensional,
seperti pengurangan efek samping, perpanjangan obat
tindakan dan peningkatan bioavailabilitas dan pasien
kepatuhan.
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